M. FELOUSSIA Lahcene

The reconstruction of cities through environmental management has become an imperative for inclusive and sustainable development at local and regional level in our cities. Solid urban waste is one of the most important contemporary problems facing the world, and in particular developing countries, as one of the most important sources of urban pollution, directly contributes to the pollution of the environment in general and the urban environment in particular, affects public health and degrades the image of the city, Encourage municipal authorities to accelerate special measures for the collection and disposal of household waste as part of the sustainable dimension that requires its treatment, recovery, recycling and restoration. This is enshrined, among other things, in the law no 01-19 of 12 December 2001 which stipulates that waste management has become a flag and an art. This is a continuous development that has led to the creation of administrative, technical and economic methods to ensure the flow of the different processes that drive and treat household waste.

The city of El Bayadh, model of the Algerian city, and model of the current study, suffers from the phenomenon of prevalence of household waste based on descriptive and analytical approach, using research tools such as observation, training and interviewing, to understand the phenomenon, its prevalence and aggravation, as well as the actions taken in the process of its management and treatment by city managers, and try to understand and identify certain environmental aspects, aesthetic and economic. Management and treatment of household waste, including some suggestions on aspects such as participatory work between various actors in the city that contributes to the treatment of household waste in the sustainable dimension of the city.

Objectif: Ce document de recherche vise à analyser Réalisme et efficacité de la politique nationale algérienne et
valeurs théoriques pour la protection du patrimoine urbain de l'expansion habitat informel, Méthodes: à travers méthode
recherche descriptive, en utilisant de l'analyse géométrique et le questionnaire, Résultats: sur la base de statistiques
inductives, nous avons conclu que la politique algérienne et le cadre théorique ont un grand rôle dans l'orientation des
dimensions et des objectifs de ce secteur, mais et que sa mise en oeuvre est soumise à Reste relatif; Conclusion: le
message analogique ne peut être recopié indéfiniment sans altérations importantes, car dynamique urbaine; Le rend
soumis à la phénoménologie qui est d'appréhender la réalité et l'analyse de l’expérience vécue, des contenus de
conscience des faits
Mots clés : Préservation de patrimoine, valeurs des patrimoines évolutifs, le site archéologique mondial "Q'alaa
Beni Hammad "; L'habitat informel; l'approche inductive.

The subject matter of this study is essentially based on the city, which is closely linked to urban planning, which paints a general picture of it and determines the public order for the formation of elements of its urban sphere; From a built-in framework of installations, residential buildings, essential facilities, and an unbuilt framework of green spaces, public catchment arenas, parking lots and children's playgrounds.
The city is this very dense and complex human congregation. The formation of the city's structure and the determination of land-use qualities within its surroundings are subject to several considerations, the most important of which are:
- Society's needs and objectives;
- Social, cultural and aesthetic values;
- Economic data;
- Distinctive predominant activities.
There is no doubt that the ecological problems in urban planning processes have a concern for the competent authorities in the world by the emergence of an unhealthy environmental environment with no minimum conditions of internal and external comfort for the population, owing primarily to the planners' neglect of the dimensions of sustainable development during urban planning. The environmental situation in Algeria requires attention and consideration in terms of legislation and control, due to environmental degradation as a result of human factors, such as the absence of an environmental culture and a sense of the gravity of environmental pollution. The most important contaminants in urban areas and the urban environment are recorded as follows: - Air pollution by volatile dust resulting from unpaved roads,
- Toxic gases from industrial zones and various means of transport,
- And put up waste in a random way.
The city of M'sila suffers from these problems resulting from poor planning on the one hand, and on the other hand from the lack of regard for the environmental dimension as well as the inability of officials and interventions in the city's conduct to make substantive decisions.
In this paper, we will try to highlight the role of Algeria's tools for preparation and reconstruction through laws regulating this in the sustainable ecological regulation and management of cities. An analytical and critical study of the land occupancy scheme No. (05) in the city of M'sila, which represents the model of this study and the extent to which it incorporates the dimensions of sustainable development during design.
This research will be based on the analytical descriptive approach that describes and then analyses the urban phenomenon through a critical analytical study of the urban project of the above-mentioned land occupancy scheme, in order to finally find the most effective solutions to the phenomenon. The field observation technique will also be used to help understand the urban phenomenon by following the continuous development of the urban field in terms of physical design and reality. Taking into account environmental indicators during analysis.
After the analytical and monetary study of the land occupancy scheme No. 05 in the city of M'sila, results will be produced that can be structured according to the basic dimensions of the first degree, depending on the level of the built framework, and according to the basic dimensions of the second degree, depending on the level of the non-built framework.
Key Words:
Tools for preparation and reconstruction; Sustainable development; Land occupancy scheme; green spaces; Equipment's; The city of M'sila.

Heritage sources are considered the roots that link the nation's present to its past and play a role in shaping its future. They are the main tool for transmitting common values and rules and communicating between the past and the present. On this basis, preserving these heritage resources is a matter of utmost importance. Preserving, preserving and perpetuating them has become a goal for all countries and those concerned with these sources to benefit from them in consolidating meanings and values, and using them to support the tourism sector within what is known as heritage tourism, and to develop their societies economically.
Urban and architectural heritage is one of these heritage resources that, according to many studies, requires the necessity of preserving it and working to sustain it. In light of these repeated calls to value it, the mechanisms for preserving it have diversified, and with the development of technologies and mechanisms, the means of preserving it have changed from traditional to the digital mechanism, which has recently witnessed a boom. In urban preservation projects, Arab and international, with different concepts, using information technology to present them in a new form, in what is termed - the digitization of heritage -.
Based on this proposition in the modern trends in heritage preservation operations, it has become necessary to adopt a heritage digitization strategy, which represents a modern and effective effort to preserve the urban and architectural identity in the face of the challenges facing this heritage, and to define it for future generations. However, it is self-evident to know the trends of this concept, and for this reason it comes. This research paper includes research into the content of the term digitizing heritage, and into knowing the approved mechanisms that it used to ensure the sustainability and protection of this heritage from extinction.

Keywords : heritage, urban preservation, heritage sustainability, heritage digitization, heritage digitization mechanisms.

The city constitutes a center of human activity, and a base for a set of equipments and
structures, which contribute in one way or another to the organization and creation of a
population dynamic between it and surrounding centers and hence to the organization of the city
itself. The needs and requirements of society vary from primary needs (education and health) to
administrative, cultural and economic needs for an organized social life. Each category of needs
is linked to social and economic norms, in particular the spatial characteristics, the scale of land
consumption and the principles of sedentarization.This research aims to know the distribution of
public equipments and its consistency with the demographic and urban growth of the city, and
to show the quality of the public service of the facilities and its impact on the population, this is
how the State strives to create equipment and distribute it in accordance with laws and decrees,
including the theoretical equipment grid. The origin of the city of Ammi Moussa dates back to
French colonialism, where it was founded as a prefecture in 1850, affiliated with the province of
Oran, it is since 1984 that it has become the prefecture of the city by Relizane. The study included
the different public facilities of the city, which were created and distributed under certain
political, economic and social conditions, and in different periods. By comparing it with the
theoretical standards of network equipment, it was found that they were incompatible, which led
to an attack on the public service and the general organization of the city. , where it has
experienced increasing population growth and difficulty in resisting the increasing pressure on
the urban center, which contains most of the public amenities and facilities, which has caused a
clear imbalance in its spatial organization. Therefore, the following question can be asked: how
can the distribution of public facilities in the city play a role in the organization of its general
urban space?
Keywords. public equipments, public service, theoretical grid of equipment, city of Ami Musa,
organization of urban space
1. Introduction
Public equipments are fundamental element

The Algerian State has adopted several programmes to solve the housing problem. However, most of these housing programmes
have experienced significant disruptions, including social group housing, which has seen the deterioration of various aspects
of its architecture (change in facades and change of interior designs) and urban housing (absence of green spaces, widespread
garbage, deterioration of outdoor spaces).
The aim of the research is to find out how much changes have affected AADL modified dwellings because they are geared to
a category with limited incomes, to try to familiarize themselves with these changes that occur from time to time and to see
the most important reasons behind these actions by users of this pattern towards their residential environment. Based on the
pattern of 400 dwellings in Ras al-Wadi city (Bordj Bou Arreridj State) A model for this study, based on the post-exploitation
evaluation approach, and applying the SPSS analysis programme, a number of findings have been reached by showing that
the neglect of social studies and the absence of technical standards in the design and completion of rental sale residences lead
to internal and external changes at the architectural and urban levels of these residences. The study also found several factors
associated with several variables behind changes in the level of rent-selling residences, which the designer and decision maker
must focus on during the design and delivery of future housing programs.
Key words: Housing, rent-selling residences, post-exploitation valuation approach, Ras al-Wadi city, 400 neighbourhood
houses in a fair form.

Most of them are incomplete in terms of construction. The phenomenon is considered
to be a topic of study and analysis because it has given an inappropriate picture of the public
view, distorted the city's aesthetic image and become a contaminated phenomenon in the field of
visual pollution. The importance of this study lies in trying to understand the real causes of this
urban phenomenon and identify the social dimensions and elements of it, economic and cultural
that have contributed to its aggravation at the national level. The topic also dealt with the study
and analysis of Law 08/15 aimed at finding effective solutions to the phenomenon of incomplete
construction and settling the status of buildings of several levels, the most important of which is
real estate settlement, conformity and issuance of building permits and others. The field study
that touched the city of M'sila through the neighborhood of 295 dwellings (Lamayar
neighborhood), which served as a model for this study, also found the reasons for the
exacerbation of this phenomenon. At the level of real estate status, at the level of physical and
economic capabilities The population, as well as the level of urban culture.
Keywords. Incomplete construction, Law 08/15, aesthetic image of the city, individual housing,
certificate of conformity, urban culture, visual pollution, city of M'sila

The land use plan is one of the new reconstruction tools through which the Algerian
State seeks to distribute roles between the central authority and the local community represented
by the governorate and the municipality, respectively. The decentralization and the participation
when preparing the land use plan help strengthen the dialogue between the state and population
representatives, facilitate the decision-making and improve the management of local affairs, As
a result, projects that elevate and meet the society requirements are of a higher efficiency. In this
perspective, this research aims at identifying the indicators of decentralization and participation
at the stage of preparation of the land use plan, and monitoring them in real based on a descriptive
analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrated that there is unilateralism in the
preparation of the land use plan through the existence of a prior intention from Municipality and
of M'sila to impose their vision, while other Institutions are neglected.
Keywords. The land use plan, decentralization, participatory, public investigation, The audience

Algeria has a rich and diverse urban heritage, and this heritage contains multiple forms that reflect the deep history of the
region known for its multiplicity of heritage areas, especially those related to desert palaces (ksours), which contributed greatly
to the settlement of many human groups in these areas. From this standpoint, protection and preservation of this cultural
heritage is no longer sufficient. Rather, thinking is currently moving towards achieving its long-term sustainability, because
it constitutes a national wealth for all current and future generations, and it is the property of all of them, and they bear the
responsibility to protect it, preserve it and benefit from it from an economic point of view, by exploiting it. These heritage
areas and their development to become tourism poles and positively employing them within the framework of an integrated
tourism project.
These areas have known many developments since ancient times. Tourism is based mainly on the extent to which the ancient
urban and architectural heritage is exploited and preserved. The Bou-saada area, located in the wilaya of M’sila, at the entrance
to the desert, is among the most important areas that are rich in many distinctive heritage monuments that are not well
exploited for the development of tourism in the city, including the old palace (ksar), which was established at the end of the
seventeenth century, and the sand dunes area. The number of reception structures and the lack of investment in building basic
facilities and training in the field of tourism negatively affected the development of this region.
Key words: urban heritage, sustainable tourism development, desert palaces (ksours), Bousaada Palace, tangible heritage.

Les inondations sont à l’origine de Plus de 80% des catastrophes naturelles enregistrés dans le monde entre 1996 et 2006 provoquant ainsi des dégâts matériels et humains.
L’Algérie a été confrontée aux effets de ces inondations, on peut citer à titre d'exemple ceux de:
- Ghilizane en 1993 22 décès et 14 Blessés.
- Sidi Bel Abbès) en 2000 importants dégâts matériels.
- (Bab El –Oued, Alger) 2001et qui ont enregistré 733 décès et 3000 sans abri selon le bureau ONS d'Alger.
La wilaya de M’sila a connu, à plusieurs reprises, des crues mortelles dont celles de 2006 et 2007 qui avaient causé la mort d’une vingtaine de personnes. 37 communes sur les 47 que compte la wilaya de M’sila sont exposées aux risques d’inondations.
Ces risques viennent du fait que ces localités se trouvent à 300 mètres d’altitude, alors que les montagnes du Hodna et de l’Atlas saharien qui les entourent culminent à plus de 1 000 mètres. Ces communes sont en outre traversées par un réseau hydrographique dense, constitué de cours d’eau dont les débits peuvent être très importants durant la saison des pluies.
Pour faire face à ce problème, les autorités Algériennes ont fondu un plan de planification des secours intitulé Orsec (organisation de la réponse de sécurité civile) suivant la loi n° 04-20 du 13 Dhou El Kaada 1425 correspondant au 25 décembre 2004 relative à la prévention des risques majeurs et à la gestion des catastrophes dans le cadre du développement durable. A travers le temps les problèmes des crues des inondations sont intensifies mais ce plan appelé Orsec est resté dans les tiroirs et n'a jamais était actualisé suivant les nouvelles données climatiques, sociétales et environnementales
Dans cet état de fait, une question qui s'impose, comment actualisé ce plan suivant les données précitées et le mettre en œuvre lors d'une intervention éventuelle en cas de catastrophe?

Résumé:
Les espaces publics se sont des composants fondamentaux de la forme urbaine de la ville et constituent un système spatial urbain complexe. A ce titre, la lecture attentive de l'historique de ces espaces nous a montré qu'ils étaient le support par excellence de pratiques sociales et spatiales multiples et représentent pour toujours des enjeux pour les gestionnaires de la ville. Dans la ville de M'sila en particulier le quartier Ouaouaa Madani le conflit d’usage et l'accaparement de ces espaces à des fins commerciales sous forme d’étalage excessif, ne cesse de les fragmenter et les réduire à un « couloir » très étroit étouffant, encombré par une activité commerciale envahissante, face à cet état de fait comment remédier à ces problèmes afin d’assurer un minimum de confort visuel et sensoriel aux usagers?
Mots clés: M'sila, espaces publics, usages, conflits, accaparement, pratiques, sociales, spatiales.

La ville est un espace privilégié et aménagé pour répondre aux besoins de la population , son rythme de croissance est accélérer en raison des tendances politiques, économiques, démographiques et de déplacement rural. En conséquence, la population s'est concentrée dans les zones intérieures, entraînant des disparités différentes au niveau des espaces urbaines, qui sont largement polarisées et offrent des possibilités d'emploi et de services.
Sans aucun doute, la planification urbaine est un outil, un moyen pour atteindre les objectifs et les intérêts public, à travers une mise en place des horizons futurs adéquats et souhaitables, à fin d'assurer un équilibre en matière des besoins de la croissance actuelle et futur. Pour mettre en œuvre ces politiques, il est nécessaire de s'appuyer sur des instruments ou des outils d'aménagement et d'urbanisme adéquats pour résoudre des problèmes, à caractère sociales dans les villes.
La ville de M'sila a connu une croissance démographique rapide et une expansion spatiale sans le respect des recommandations du PDAU ni les recommandations des POS, ce qui a entraîné des déséquilibres dans la structure urbaine.
A travers l'observation sur terrain, il a été constaté qu'il y avait des changements dans la vocation et la fonction des terrains, cela à entrainer un décalage entre la réalité urbaine et ce qui à été prévu dans le cadre du plan (notamment le plan d'occupation des sols POS n ° 05).
Cet article a pour objet d'étudier les plans d'urbanisme et leur efficacité dans le contrôle de la croissance urbaine, ainsi la compatibilité entre ces plans et la réalité urbaine.
Mots clés
Instruments d'aménagement et d'urbanisme - Le plan directeur d'aménagement et d'urbanisme (PDAU) - La ville - Le plan d'occupation des sols (POS) - M'sila.

Urbanization Tools between Planning and Reality: the Case of M’sila’s Land Occupancy Plan. In the last decade, Algerian cities have experienced rapid urban development due to security, demographic and socio-economic factors. M’sila city, like other cities, has witnessed massive exodus waves mainly to its surroundings. The exodus, on turn, had negative impacts on the natural development of its urban fabric in accordance with urban management tools, especially land occupancy plans. It also led to defects due to obstacles hindering the implementation of these plans. These obstacles include (a) Inaccuracy in making these plans which are often stereotyped without considering the specificity of each area of study, as well as the lack of multi-specialized engineering offices. (b) The rapid and uncontrolled urban development has led to the emergence of new neighborhoods within and around cities, which requires considerable infrastructure and is a major challenge for local authorities. (c) Failure to apply and respect the approved land occupancy plans, which appears in the selection of projects grounds without reference to the legal and technical tools. In this context, a number of changes have been made in the urban and functional nature of the lands covered by these plans, which led to a mismatch of the urban reality of the city and the requirements of land occupancy plans. Thus, the following question can be posed: How to deal with the aforementioned defects so that all those involved in the management of the city can implement land occupancy plans actually?
Keywords: M’sila city, defects, obstacles, land occupancy plans, planning, management, urban real estate.