M. BENKHALED Elhadj

Algerian natural phosphate minerals (N-PH) were processed through milling and subsequent heat treatment, followed by thorough characterization. The resulting powders and samples were analyzed using TG/DTA, XRD, FTIR, and FESEM techniques, with structural refinement carried out via the Rietveld method. FESEM analysis showed morphological changes from spherical to rod-like particles, attributed to sintering. Elemental analysis confirmed the formation of fluorapatite. Rietveld refinement quantified the FAP phase, showing 98.75% purity, and validated the hexagonal structure and arrangement of phosphate and calcium ions.
key words: Algerian natural phosphate. Rietveld method. heat treatment.

The importance of green spaces is evident in the UN global environment
slogan. Day (held annually on June 5), which was held in North America, in San
Francisco in 2005, under the theme "Green Cities: Planning for the Planet". The focus
was on creating a clean, beautiful urban environment with balanced and sustainable
development that aligns with the location and meets the needs of the population.
In Algeria, Law No. 07-06, issued on 13/05/2007, established regulations for
managing, protecting, and developing green spaces within the framework of
sustainable development despite the existence of this legal framework, various
issues and imbalances have been observed in green spaces across most Algerian
cities.
The city of M'sila serves as an example of these cities, where green spaces face
several problems related to management, protection, and development. In this
article, we selected Cinema garden as a sample of green spaces in M'sila. We
evaluated its effectiveness according to the requirements of the aforementioned Law
No. 07-06. The garden was rated as close to average, with user satisfaction also near
the average level. The methodology used in this evaluation is based on the responses
and information collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Keywords: Green spaces, park, sustainable development, protection, management,
M'sila.

Abstract: The importance of green spaces is evident in the UN global environment
slogan. Day (held annually on June 5), which was held in North America, in San
Francisco in 2005, under the theme "Green Cities: Planning for the Planet". The focus
was on creating a clean, beautiful urban environment with balanced and sustainable
development that aligns with the location and meets the needs of the population.
In Algeria, Law No. 07-06, issued on 13/05/2007, established regulations for
managing, protecting, and developing green spaces within the framework of
sustainable development despite the existence of this legal framework, various
issues and imbalances have been observed in green spaces across most Algerian
cities.
The city of M'sila serves as an example of these cities, where green spaces face
several problems related to management, protection, and development. In this
article, we selected Cinema garden as a sample of green spaces in M'sila. We
evaluated its effectiveness according to the requirements of the aforementioned Law
No. 07-06. The garden was rated as close to average, with user satisfaction also near
the average level. The methodology used in this evaluation is based on the responses
and information collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Keywords: Green spaces, park, sustainable development, protection, management,
M'sila.

Arab cities have undergone stages of diverse urban and architectural development. Economic, industrial, and rapid population growth have had an impact on urban growth, both in form and substance. Therefore, the need to utilize knowledge, modern technology, and advanced information systems is essential to achieve a sustainable urban development system, aiming to provide comfort, safety, a decent standard of living, and enhance the civilization and spatial aspects of human life.
The subject of management is a substantial topic for researchers and scholars. Each of them has taken a specific perspective on management and applied it in practice, expressing their ideas related to reality. In this research, we aim not only to mention these proposals but also to eliminate any ambiguity by focusing on four fundamental elements:
 Management: its concept and those responsible for it.
 The manager: the individual overseeing the management process (local groups).
 The city as the subject of management: its concept, the significance of managing it, and its purpose.
 The circumstances surrounding the management process, derived from the lived reality.
Therefore, the urban space is a dynamic environment that is defined, expands in physical space, and evolves over time. It represents the profound past that humans are deeply rooted in, a present in which they exist, and a future that embodies their ideas and aspirations. Effective management of this space, involving all stakeholders, particularly local groups, relies on three fundamental dimensions: spatial, social, and economic. It is crucial not to overlook the material and human capacities of the manager (local groups) in order to ensure the success of the entire process.
Keywords: management, local groups, the city, urban growth, stakeholders in the urban field.

Les plages sont l'un des attraits du tourisme côtier, et leur qualité est liée à la qualité des plans d’aménagement touristique. Selon la loi n° 03-02, toute plage ouverte à la baignade doit avoir un plan d'aménagement, mais celui-ci reste inefficace en raison de son contenu qui ne correspond pas à la qualité requise pour améliorer la plage. Nous avons étudié la plage de Clovis qui située sur la côte de Mostaganem à l'ouest d'Alger, et évalué la qualité de son plan. La méthode que nous avons choisie dans l’évaluation est aide multicritères à la décision, basée sur (12) critères et (36) indicateurs d'évaluation mesurables. Après analyse et diagnostic, nous avons conclu que la qualité du plan d'aménagement touristique de la plage Clovis est moyenne.
Les mots- clés : la plage, plan d’aménagement touristique (PATP), évaluation, qualité, aménagement touristique

Algerian cities, like other cities, the Mediterranean in particular, have not been spared the negative influence of certain factors such as weather, nature, and people (combined or sporadic) that have been imposed on them. Imposed, which has lost some of its momentum, their function and their sense of civilization. However, the old and historic urban fabric of these cities has experienced most of the impact. As in most Algerian urban centers, the city center of M'sila is part of the old residential districts which are experiencing a number of problems that have affected its urban and functional status, and which reflect the way of life of its inhabitants, which has led to the appearance of urban disorder and the dissemination of a distorted urban image of the architectural heritage of this region. Over time, he became unable to keep pace with developments and was far from his aspirations. In order to know the mechanisms necessary to rehabilitate its urban sphere and work to develop it and preserve this cultural heritage, and to contain this phenomenon, we had to seek to reform this situation with the aim of providing conditions of comfort to its inhabitants. In this study, we have therefore opted for the search for the most important causes which are at the origin of the problems encountered by the center of this city, and consequently to propose appropriate solutions to this situation, while preserving the ancient heritage of the city, which would correspond to its characteristics and ingredients and work for its development and promotion.
Keywords. M'sila - Historic urban fabric - Architectural and cultural heritage - Downtown - Old neighborhoods – rehabilitate

Many wastes arise from human daily activities, and solid household waste is one of the most impactful and heavy on human shoulders, as the management of solid household waste is one of the important issues that must be taken care of in order to preserve the health and safety of humans and the environment. Therefore, this study came to identify solid household waste and the methods and methods used to manage it through collection and transportation operations until its final disposal. Geographical information systems are used in the environmental planning process in order to better plan the location of containers and identify waste collection paths, and this requires collecting data and maps for the study area to be used in the process of analyzing spatial appropriateness using geographical information systems based on planning and environmental standards to reach the best results using current-day techniques from Huge software that contributes greatly to the planning process and helps in making decisions (Geographical Information Systems "GIS", Statistical Group for Social Sciences "SPSS").The selection of sites for technical landfill centers is of great importance at the present time, as the latter is an important and necessary issue for the sanitary disposal of waste, given the complexity of waste management systems, the selection of the appropriate urban solid waste landfill site requires consideration of alternative solutions and multiple and rather complex evaluation criteria. Where this study aims to assess the spatial suitability of the Technical Backfill Center in the city of M’sila, through a spatial analytical methodology, where the significant increase in the population of 1,276721 people in 2019 led to an increase in the quantities of produced waste that exceeded 382,038 tons / year, and thus increased rates of environmental pollution and distortion of the urban landscape. for the city. The poor location of the embankment center caused the residents to annoy, and demanded that they expedite the closure of the center despite the fact that its lifespan had not expired, which made the authorities in an embarrassing position. This is what the study provides, as the best sites were chosen for the establishment of a landfill center for the city of M'sila, so that it is difficult to change it in the future, based on a set of criteria approved by the National Waste Agency and analyzed in the GIS environment, by applying the spatial analyzer and giving weights to the criteria affecting the The site of the backfill was selected according to the relative importance of each of them by the hierarchical analysis (Ahp) process using Excel, then the Raster calculator process was performed. In our study, we tried to find an alternative site to the current site that would be more suitable than the previous one, where a set of criteria (economic, social, and environmental) were defined and using the integration of geographic information system (GIS) and the analytical hierarchy method (AHP where the GIS program plays a role). It is important in contributing to superposition analysis for landfill site selection because it has a high capacity to manage large amounts of spatial data and considers many factors from a variety of sources ,as well as its high ability to deal with the necessary social,
environmental and economic constraints. this study, it was relied on using a combination of GIS and AHP programs to choose the best and most appropriate urban solid waste burial site from among the many candidate sites that meet the largest possible number of environmental and scientific criteria so that it is difficult to change it in the future, which helps officials to take the appropriate decision to achieve this goal. The processes of choosing a landfill site includes several steps that must be performed using GIS software are: (1): The study area is divided into categories to suit the requirements, and then an appropriate weight is given to each category (2): Determining the final map of the landfill sites using the special analysis tool in GIS "Map Algebra - Single Output Map Algebra". (3): Exclusion of unsuitable areas to simplify the process of selecting candidate sites for the urban solid waste landfill center in the city of M'sila. The results showed that the best areas are likely to be suitable for the establishment of a technical landfill center for waste in the southern side (Municipality of AWLAD MADI), in the southern eastern side (Municipality of AL-MATARFA), and in the western/south side (Municipality of AWLAD MANSOUR and the lines of Dam El Geer). The study showed the location outside the city due to the lack of real estate in the city and the lack of availability of areas that meet the necessary standards for the establishment of landfill centers, and this confirms the inadequacy of the current site and the need to find an alternative site quickly. We hope that our work will provide a methodology for siting and provide basic and logistical support to decision makers in assessing waste management problems in the city and help to choose the appropriate landfill site for the city.
Keywords. geographic information system (GIS). Analytical Hierarchy (AHP). Spatial Analysis, Convenience Analysis, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Modeling, Urban Solid Waste, Backfill Technical Center

Abstract-Urban building lands are considered a scarce resource,
which forces us to rationalize their use and assignment. They play
an important role in shaping the urban space with all its
components and determine its characteristics. The impact on
urban space depends on the legal nature of the land, the density
of buildings, and the quality of social cohesion. Like all Algerian
cities, the city of M'sila has experienced, since the '90s, an
increasing demand for building plots, especially in the outskirts
which are mostly private properties. This situation directly
contributed to the spread of illegal constructions and as a result,
districts lack basic living conditions. This phenomenon appeared
in the peripheral district called La Rocade. In this paper, we will
attempt to identify the impact of the legal nature of land
properties, particularly private ones, on the proliferation of
illegal constructions in the outskirts of the city of M'sila. We will
try to find solutions and alternatives to limit or stop its spread
and propose urban interventions to restructure this district and
integrate it into the existing urban space.

https://univ-constantine3.dz/colloque-international-sur-la-celebration-de-la-journee-mondiale-de-lhabitat/

Les villes algériennes, à l'instar d'autres villes, méditerranéennes en particulier, n'ont pas été épargnées par l'influence négative de certains facteurs tels que le temps, la nature et les hommes (combinés ou sporadiques) qui leur ont été imposés, ce qui a perdu un peu de leur élan, leur fonction et leur sens de la civilisation. Cependant, le tissu urbain ancien et historique de ces villes ont connu la plus grande partie de l’impact. Comme dans la plupart des centres urbains algériens, le centre-ville de M’sila fait partie des anciens quartiers résidentiels qui connaissent un certain nombre de problèmes qui ont affecté son statut urbain et fonctionnel, et qui reflètent le mode de vie de ses habitants, ce qui a entraîné l'apparition d'un désordre urbain et la diffusion d'une image urbaine déformée du patrimoine architectural de cette région. Avec le temps, Il est devenu incapable de suivre le rythme des développements et loin de ses aspirations. Afin de connaître les mécanismes nécessaires pour améliorer sa sphère urbaine et travailler à la développer et à préserver ce patrimoine culturel, et pour contenir ce phénomène, nous avons dû chercher à réformer cette situation dans le but de fournir les conditions de confort à ses habitants. Dans cette étude, nous avons donc opté pour la recherche des causes les plus importantes qui sont à l’origine des problèmes rencontrés par le centre de cette ville, et par conséquent proposer des solutions appropriées à cette situation, tout en préservant le patrimoine ancien de la ville, qui correspondrait à ses caractéristiques et à ses ingrédients et œuvrer à son de développement et sa promotion.

The rehabilitation of the cultural heritage, which has significant architectural or architectural elements, must be under the management of its objective is to maintain and maintain periodically, as the preservation of the buildings of urban heritage is through the protection of historic buildings and distinctive heritage and preservation of damage Which are attached to it through a set of scientific steps and in accordance with advanced practical methods aimed at rehabilitating a job that achieves renewal and continuity. Therefore, it is necessary to meet with all efforts and possibilities, since buildings of historical value should not be viewed as museums or foreign objects, but they must be part of the urban life of the population.
Highlights the cultural aspect in the fact that the eloquent conventional buildings translated to the traditions and teachings of local religious, we can see the scientific aspect of architectural heritage through what form of measurement and historical patterns, as it is one of the most important sources of knowledge, and as scientific methods in the field of urban science
This has just intervened in the old neighborhoods components of the Algerian and cultural identity, as well as constituting an important part of the mortgage balance, is also home to a large number of the population, and has a significant number of traditional shops and workshops.
Dense with what was the object of operations of rehabilitation of their infrastructures and the exploitation of the restoration of archaeological structures and others, but seldom of a complete program for the operations of rehabilitation
This ancient district is one of the residential groups and tubs and palaces, dating from the colonial period, including the liquefied subject argub area of our study in this presentation of the city.
KEYWORDS:
Urban Heritage - urban space - the opening of the economy - old neighborhood-district AL Argoub M'sila