M. BOUSSAG Badreddine

Abstract
This study analyzes the impact of digital transformation on the performance of the Algerian tax system, focusing on
the platforms "Jibayatic" and "Moussahamatik." It aims to determine the extent to which digitization contributes to
improving tax revenue collection and establishing governance. The results show a notable improvement in ordinary
tax revenues between 2015 and 2018, despite persistent obstacles such as tax fraud, lack of resources, and delays in
the widespread adoption of digital technology. The study also reveals that the establishment of a modern tax
administration is progressing slowly due to institutional and material constraints. However, digitalization proves to
be an essential lever to modernize public management, improve tax efficiency, and strengthen transparency. Its
success depends on better dissemination of digital culture, alignment with international standards, and
strengthening mechanisms to combat fraud.

Traditional popular games represent the historical heritage of nations, garnering attention from governmental and non-governmental institutions to preserve and develop them due to their close connection with cultural identity. They reflect the culture of the practicing communities in terms of the games themselves, the tools used, the methods of play, the gender of participants, and the places where the games are held (Mahmoud, 2016, p. 377).
The Wilaya of M’sila, like other regions of Algeria and other nations, considers popular games one of the most significant pillars of local popular culture. M’sila is an Algerian province located in the central part of the country, 230 km from the capital, making it a link between the west and east, and between the north and south. The Hodna region in M’sila is rich with an innumerable variety of popular games, which the local community uses to spend leisure time, cultivate their culture and thinking, and foster love and unity among people as individuals gather around them.
As researchers from this area, they have witnessed a period of flourishing traditional games. popular games in the Hodna region of M’sila are numerous and diverse, catering to both young and old, women and men. These games may be either locally invented by the people of the region or introduced from neighboring communities.

Background and Study Aim. This study aims to evaluate how psychological skills affect dribbling and ball control performance in football students. The study analyzed key psychological factors, including visualization, attentional focus, self-confidence, and anxiety management, to predict athletic performance. Materials and Methods. A sample of 20 male master's students from the university’s football team participated in the study, which employed a descriptive methodology, integrating survey techniques and correlational analysis through two main skill tests (Dribbling Skill Test Between Cones and Ball Control Skill Test) along with a Psychological Skills Scale. Reliability coefficients (0.91 for the psychological scale, 0.82–0.84 for the skill tests) confirmed the validity of the instruments. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and linear regression, were performed using SPSS 25. Results. Significant correlations were found between psychological skills and performance. Notably, achievement motivation negatively impacted dribbling performance (r = -0.78), possibly due to an overemphasis on control rather than fluidity. ANOVA and t-test analyses revealed that visualization ability significantly predicts both dribbling (F = 11.24, p = 0.004) and ball control performance (F = 13.015, p = 0.002). Regression equations for dribbling and ball control performance indicated that improved psychological skills, particularly visualization and achievement motivation, optimize performance outcomes. Conclusions. These results underscore the crucial role of psychological skills, particularly visualization and achievement motivation, in enhancing football performance among master's students. Training programs should integrate psychological skills development, particularly visualization and achievement motivation, to enhance dribbling and ball control in competitive soccer.

Sports tourism is considered one of the newest and most important types of tourism. It is an economic, artistic, and social topic among the modern changes in societies, where countries have invested in numerous opportunities and infrastructure to significantly attract sports tourism and effectively contribute to stimulating tourism movement both domestically and internationally. Today, sports tourism is one of the most important tools and mechanisms for attracting tourists, which benefits the economy.
This study aims to explore the Qatari experience in the field of sports tourism, specifically focusing on the 2022 World Cup. Sports tourism in Qatar played a prominent and vital role through its hosting of the World Cup, attracting millions of tourists from all over the world.
The research was divided into two axes. The first concerns basic concepts about sports tourism, and, and through this point we address the concept of sports tourism, categories of Sports Tourism ,Types of Sports tourism ,Components of Sports Tourism, and Benefits of Sports Tourism , The second is sports tourism in Qatar “World Cup 2022”, where we discuss here the reality of the sports sector in Qatar , Revenues from the FIFA World Cup 2022, Impact of Hosting the FIFA World Cup 2022 on Tourism in Qatar, Economic Impact of Hosting the FIFA World Cup 2022 on Qatar, Impact of Sports Hosting on the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar.
The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are Hosting the FIFA World Cup in Qatar is a unique opportunity to catalyse positive development in the country in many different areas, and the unique success of this edition of the World Cup, as well as opening the way for the development and expansion of the public tourism and sports tourism sector especially in Qatar.
Keywords: Sports tourism, World Cup 2022, FIFA

The Study aimed to identif the level of Psychological Burnout Among Football Players in Light of Certain Variables

The study aimed to identify the level of burnout among physical education teachers at the secondary education level and to understand the differences according to study variables (teaching seniority, family status). The sample consisted of 36 randomly selected physical education teachers from the research community, which includes all physical education teachers in the Wilaya of M'sila, totaling 188 teachers according to the 2023/2024 statistics. The researcher employed the descriptive method as it is suitable for such studies. The study tools included the Maslach Burnout Inventory consisting of 22 items, and the researcher used the SPSS software for data analysis. The study findings revealed the following: - The level of burnout among physical education teachers at the secondary education level is moderate. - There are statistically significant differences in burnout levels attributed to variables (teaching seniority, family status).

The study aims at identifying violence in the school environment from the point of view of physical and sport's education professors in the light of some The study aims at identifying violence in the school environment from the point of view of physical and sport's education professors in the light of some variables (seniority in teaching, qualification, age) , and the study sample is made up of (40) teachers in the middle school, selected randomly, and the researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach because it is most appropriate in such studies. Concerning the study tools, the researcher used the standard of school violence consisting of (31) words distributed in three areas: Verbal violence, physical violence and material violence, and used the standard of the three-way likert scale. In his treatment, the researcher relied on the SPSS statistical package program, and the results of the study showed: the level of school violence in the middle school from the point of view of teachers of physical and sport's education is moderate, and there are no statistically significant differences among the sample in the view of teachers with regard to school violence according to the study variables (seniority in teaching, qualification, age).