M. BENARIOUA Younes

Prof

Directory of teachers

Department

Departement of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Research Interests

Metallurgy, Materials Science, Coatings, Thin Films, Welding, Surface Engineering, Advanced Materials, Elaboration and Characterization of Materials Materials Science Metallurgy Coatings Coatings and Thin Films Surface Engineering Advanced Materials

Contact Info

University of M'Sila, Algeria

Email : younes.benarioua@univ-msila.dz

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Recent Publications

2024-12-30

Surfaces implantées, films minces et revêtement: Déposition et application

La nécessité d’accroitre l’efficacité et la durée de vie des pièces mécaniques notamment les outils a conduit ces dernières années, à un fort développement des revêtements et des films minces. Les méthodes qui permettent de créer un revêtement sur un substrat sont nombreuses. Parmi ces méthodes figurent l’implantation ioniques et les dépôts physique et chimique en phase vapeur.
Les traitements de surface des matériaux par l’implantation des atomes non métalliques, déposition des films minces et revêtement sont de plus en plus utilisés. Ils permettent la modification des caractéristiques surfaciques de ces matériaux pour optimiser leurs applications. Ces traitements permettent aussi aux pièces de remplir des fonctions antagonistes telles que de posséder une ductilité à cœur et une bonne résistance à l’usure et la corrosion. Parmi l’ensemble de ces traitements de surface, on distingue les traitements de surface par transformation structurale d’origine mécanique ou thermique, les traitements thermochimiques et la déposition de films minces et revêtements.
Le traitement de surface des matériaux métalliques, des polymères, des verres et des céramiques est donc en grande partie un service utilisé par de nombreux secteurs industriels, dont l’automobile, l’industrie lourde, l’industrie léger, lunetterie, décoration, la monnaie, l’habillement, le secteur de télécommunication, l’énergie renouvelable, la construction, le secteur médicale, l’aérospatiale, l’aéronautique et l’énergie nucléaire,
Notre propos est de présenter sur le plan bibliographique les différents traitements de surface appliqués sur certains matériaux pour renforcer leurs propriétés surfaciques. Relatif aux traitements exposés, nous allons ensuite présenter quelques travaux de recherche qui touchent au point de vue élaborations et caractérisation des surfaces implantées, films minces et revêtements métalliques déposés sur certains matériaux métalliques afin d’améliorer leurs comportements mécaniques notamment la dureté et l’adhérence.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2024-12-30), "Surfaces implantées, films minces et revêtement: Déposition et application", [international] The 1st International Conference on Technological Applications of Materials (ICTAM'24) , Setif

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2024-12-22

Hard Chromium Films Produced by Electrolytic Process on Low Steel Substrates

Generally, problems of wear and corrosion begin on the surface of metallic materials and results in the degradation and reduction of lifetime of these materials. Therefore, surface treatment which can provide suitable properties for substrates without compromising their characteristics is the best effective process than changing the whole bulk material. Hard chromium coatings have proven to be one of the most effective materials to increase the service life of mechanical work parts and the most used in several industrial applications such as in petro-chemistry, oil and gas industries, especially to improve wear and corrosion re-sistance. In this work, a deposit of chromium was prepared by using an electro-plating technic on low steel substrates. For this purpose, chromium coatings were carried out in bath of chromium electrolyte solution at temperatures of 50 °C for immersion time varied from 10 to 50 min with step of 10 min. This study is to in-vestigate the effect of immersion time and temperature bath on the thickness, morphology, structure and hardness of produced chromium coating by using vari-ous analysis technics as X-Ray diffraction, microstructural observation, and hard-ness test. The results show that the increase of the time of electrolytic treatment increases the thickness and the hardness of the chromium layer. The microhard-ness profiles of samples confirm the results obtained by structural and microstruc-tural analysis.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, KERMICHE YOUNES, BAALI SALMA, , (2024-12-22), "Hard Chromium Films Produced by Electrolytic Process on Low Steel Substrates", [international] Intenational Conference on Mechanic and Energy (ICME 2024) , Sousse Tunisie

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Effect of surface roughness of steel on structural and mechanical properties of galvanization coatings

Zinc and some of its alloys have a number of characteristics that make it well suited for use as a protective coating against the corrosion of steel substrates under severe atmospheric conditions. The metal zinc, which represents the main galvanization element offers then a cathodic protection to the ferrous materials. Because of these excellent characteristics, galvanization coatings are expected to be used for different protective applications fields. The aim of this research work is to study the effect of surface roughness of steel substrate on structural and mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds of galvanization coatings ob-tained at different immersion time. After a best preparation of here surfaces by different roughness process, various steel of substrates were galvanized by immer-sion in a molten zinc bath maintained at 450°C During the galvanization process, the chemical reactions that take place between the steel and the liquid zinc give rise to the formation of different intermetallic. Thus, three phases of Gamma, Del-ta and Zeta are produced on the steel substrate. Theses metallic compounds have been coated then by a solid solution of iron in zinc Eta. These intermetallic com-pounds are hard and fragile and the product that is obtained is not suitable for working, since this would inevitably lead to cracking and detachment of the coat-ing. The morphology and thickness of phases formed the coatings at different pa-rameters took place with scanning optical microscope. Finally the hardness of coatings was measured with a Vickers hardness tester.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2024-12-22), "Effect of surface roughness of steel on structural and mechanical properties of galvanization coatings", [international] Intenational Conference on Mechanic and Energy (ICME 2024) , Sousse Tunisie

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2024-10-30

Effect of Tempering Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Undergoing Heat Extrusion Forming

Aluminum alloys containing magnesium and silicon belong to the 6000 series. The alloys of this series that can be heat treated are the most widely used and versatile of the different aluminum alloy families. The properties of these alloys include extrudability, exceptional strength, and the highest corrosion resistance of all of the aluminum alloys. Extruded 6000 series alloys are commonly used for building structural supports and architectural applications. The most popular and widely used 6000 series alloys are 6061 and 6063.
In this study, we present the results concerning the effect of heat treatment parameters (temperature and holding treatment duration) on the mechanical properties of 6061 and 6063 series aluminum alloy profiles undergoing hot extrusion forming. Based on tensile and hardness tests, the tempering heat treatments carried out on the two series of aluminum alloys made it possible to obtain a significant variation of tensile strength, hardness and elongation with the variation of temperature and holding time as two used tempering parameters
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2024-10-30), "Effect of Tempering Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Undergoing Heat Extrusion Forming", [international] ICTAM 24 , Ferhat Abbas university Setif

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Structure and Hardness of Hard Chromium Coatings Produced by Electrolytic Process

Abstract. Generally, problems of wear and corrosion begin on the surface of metallic materials and results in the degradation and reduction of lifetime of these materials. Therefore, surface treatment which can provide suitable properties for substrates without compromising their characteristics is the best effective process than changing the whole bulk material. Hard chromium coatings have proven to be one of the most effective materials to increase the service life of mechanical work parts and the most used in several industrial applications such as in petro-chemistry, oil and gas industries, especially to improve wear and corrosion resistance. In this work, a deposit of chromium was prepared by using an electro-plating technic on low steel substrates. For this purpose, chromium coatings were carried out in bath of chromium electrolyte solution at temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C for immersion time varied from 20 to 50 min with step of 10 min. This study is to investigate the effect of immersion time and temperature bath on the thickness, morphology, structure and hardness of produced chromium coating by using various analysis technics as X-Ray diffraction, microstructural observation, and hardness test. The results show that the increase of the time of electrolytic treatment increases the thickness and the hardness of the chromium layer. The microhardness profiles of samples confirm the results obtained by structural and microstructural analysis.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, KERMICHE YOUNES, BAALI SALMA, , (2024-10-30), "Structure and Hardness of Hard Chromium Coatings Produced by Electrolytic Process", [international] The 1st International Conference on Technological Applications of Materials (ICTAM'24) , Setif

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Carburizing and Boriding Treatments of Low Alloy Steels: Effect of Temperature and holding Time

Carburizing and boriding are thermochemical treatments those can be applied to improve the mechanical and chemical properties of steels by surface modification while stilling adequate substrate properties. These kind of treatment are widely used to protect the degradation of the mechanical parts’ surface against wear. The carbide and boride atoms introduced into the steel can produce a hard metallic compound formed by diffusion and precipitation. The present study has been conducted in order to obtain an iron borides and carbides layer in separate state on two types of steel substrates 16NC6 and 20MC5 by using two different powders. The solid carburizing and boriding treatments was carried out separetelly in two electric furnaces heated at appropreate temperature for three holding times of 2h, 4h and, 6h. The present research work focuses an the effect studying of holding time as a parameter on the thickness, structure, morphology, and hardness of layers obtained on low carbon steels. The aim of this work is focused to determined the diffusion cefficient and activation energy of carbon and bore in the low steels of substrate and to know which element carbon or bore is the most diffused in the case where a carboburization treatment is carried out
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, KERMICHE YOUNES, BAALI SALMA, , (2024-10-30), "Carburizing and Boriding Treatments of Low Alloy Steels: Effect of Temperature and holding Time", [international] The 1st International Conference on Technological Applications of Materials (ICTAM'24) , Setif

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2024-10-13

ADVANCED COATING METHODS: TITANIUM CARBIDE DEPOSITION ON STEEL VIA INDIRECT PROCESSES

To improve the surface hardness, carburizing is commonly employed. Through this treatment, the surface composition of the low-carbon steel is altered by the diffusion of carbon, resulting in a hard outer casing with good wear resistance. This work investigates the effect of the carburizing treatment temperature and holding time on the crystallographic structure, hardness, and hardened surface layer dimension of commercial low-carbon steel 16NC6. The steel was carburized at 900°C for different holding times of 1,2, and 3 hours
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2024-10-13), "ADVANCED COATING METHODS: TITANIUM CARBIDE DEPOSITION ON STEEL VIA INDIRECT PROCESSES", [international] attended the VI. International Ankara Multidisciplinary Studies Congress , Ankara, Türkiye

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2023-02-20

An Experimental Study of the Influence of Carburizing Treatment Holding Time on the Structure and Hardness of 16NC6 Steel.

Low carbon steel with carbon content ranging from 0.15% to 0.3% cannot be hardened through quenching and tempering processes and there is little to no martensitic transformation occurring upon quenching.To improve the surface hardness, carburizing is commonly employed. Through this treatment, the surface composition of the low-carbon steel is altered by the diffusion of carbon, resulting in a hard outer casing with good wear resistance. This work investigates the effect of the carburizing treatment temperature and holding time on the crystallographic structure, hardness, and hardened surface layer dimension of commercial low-carbon steel 16NC6. The steel was carburized at 900°C for different holding times of 1,2, and 3 hours. After the carburizing and quenching processes, the hardness values and the morphology of the crystallographic structure were measured and characterized.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2023-02-20), "An Experimental Study of the Influence of Carburizing Treatment Holding Time on the Structure and Hardness of 16NC6 Steel.", [national] Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research . . Author(s): Baali, Selma; Benarioua, Younes; Mazouz, Aboubaker Essaddiq , etasr

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2023

Experimental study of the influence of carburizing treatement holding time on structure and hardness of a 16NC6 steel

Low carbon steel with a carbon content ranging from 0.15% to 0.3% cannot be hardened through quenching and tempering processes and there is little to no martensitic transformation that occurs upon quenching. To improve the surface hardness, carburizing is employed. Through this treatment, the surface composition of the low carbon steel is altered by the diffusion of carbon, resulting in a hard outer casing with good wear resistance. This work investigates the effect of the carburizing treatment temperature and holding time on the crystallographic structure, hardness, and hardened surface layer dimension of a commercial low carbon steel 16NC6. The steel was carburized at 900°C for different holding times of 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. After the carburizing and quenching process, the hardness values and the morphology of the crystallographic structure were measured and characterized under all cases and are reported in this investigation.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, Baali Selma, Maazouz A. Essedik, , (2023), "Experimental study of the influence of carburizing treatement holding time on structure and hardness of a 16NC6 steel", [national] Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, , ETASR

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2022-12-21

effect of time and temperature of carburizing treatment on the structure and hardness of steel

Heat treatment processes can be used to modify the surface and structural properties of low carbon steel in order to have a hard outer surface and a ductile and tough inner core, which is beneficial for engineering applications such as cams, gears, and
shafts. These properties assist the resistance in wear and shock, thus extending the life of the component
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022-12-21), "effect of time and temperature of carburizing treatment on the structure and hardness of steel", [international] The International Conference on Mechanic and Energy , Hammamet Tunisia

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influence of nitrogen and therml annealing on the properties of thin titanium nitride films

Heat treatment processes can be used to modify the surface and structural properties of low carbon steel in order to have a hard outer surface and a ductile and tough inner core, which is beneficial for engineering applications such as cams, gears, and shafts. These properties assist the resistance in wear and shock, thus extending the life of the component
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, Baali Selma, , (2022-12-21), "influence of nitrogen and therml annealing on the properties of thin titanium nitride films", [international] The International Conference on Mechanic and Energy , Hammamet Tunisia

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2022-08-12

Acier 16NC6 amélirer supeficiellement par films mince de carbure de titane remplaçant quelques outils mécaniques

Low carbon steel with carbon content ranging from 0.15% to 0.3% cannot be hardened through quenching and tempering processes and there is little to no martensitic transformation occurring upon quenching.To improve the surface hardness, carburizing is commonly employed. Through this treatment, the surface composition of the low-carbon steel is altered by the diffusion of carbon, resulting in a hard outer casing with good wear resistance. This work investigates the effect of the carburizing treatment temperature and holding time on the crystallographic structure, hardness, and hardened surface layer dimension of commercial low-carbon steel 16NC6. The steel was carburized at 900°C for different holding times of 1,2, and 3 hours. After the carburizing and quenching processes, the hardness values and the morphology of the crystallographic structure were measured and characterized.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, Baali Selma, Kermiche Younes, , (2022-08-12), "Acier 16NC6 amélirer supeficiellement par films mince de carbure de titane remplaçant quelques outils mécaniques", [national] université de m'sila

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2022

effect of boriding Treatment Time on the Structure and the Hardness of Low Alloys Steel

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Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, Y. KERMICHE, , (2022), "effect of boriding Treatment Time on the Structure and the Hardness of Low Alloys Steel", [national] Congrès des Énergies et Génie des Procédés Industriel CEGPI’22 , Algiers

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Effect of time and temperature of carburizing treatement on structure and hardness of a 16NC6 steel

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Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Effect of time and temperature of carburizing treatement on structure and hardness of a 16NC6 steel", [international] Seven international conference on mechanics and energy ICME , Hammamet - Tunisia

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The influence of nitrogen and thermal annealing on the properties of titanium nitrides films

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Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "The influence of nitrogen and thermal annealing on the properties of titanium nitrides films", [international] Seven international conference on mechanics and energy ICME , Hammamet - Tunisia

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Indirect production of chromium carbides film on low alloy steel

Chromium carbide coatings deposited on mechanical parts by different techniques have an interesting hardness, wear-resistant and corrosion resistance. Some studies show that chromium carbides produced by physical vapor deposition methods and revealed a superior hardness present a poor adherence to their substrates. The objective of this study is to indirectly obtain a hard, and adherent coating of chromium carbide by using a conversion treatment including carburizing treatment of steel substrate, deposition of a pure chromium layer, and annealing treatment of coated carburized steel under a carbonic gas atmosphere. Treatment temperature has an effect on the partial or complete conversion of chromium film as a result of the diffusion and precipitation process. The transformation rate of chromium into both chromium carbide layers was investigated. For 1 h of holding treatment, chromium film was totally transformed at 900 °C into chromium carbide film which presented high hardness and excellent adhesion.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Indirect production of chromium carbides film on low alloy steel", [international] 5th International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science , Istanbul, Turkey

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Boriding treatment of low alloy steels: Effect of holding time and temperature;

Boriding is a thermochemical treatment that can be applied to improve the mechanical and chemical properties of steels by surface modification while stilling adequate substrate properties. This kind of treatment is widely used to protect the degradation of the mechanical parts’ surface against wear. The boride atoms introduced into the steel can produce a hard metallic compound formed by diffusion and precipitation. The present study has been conducted in order to obtain an iron borides layer on two types of steel substrates 16NC6 and 20MC5 by using a powder consisting of B4C, NaBF4 and, SiC. The solid boriding treatment was carried out in an electric furnace heated to 950°C for three holding times of 2h, 4h and, 6h. The present research work focuses an the effect studying of holding time as a parameter on the thickness, structure, morphology, and hardness of layers obtained on low carbon steels by the case boriding. As confirmed by structure and microstructure characterization, the hard boride layers produced form two phases of FeB and Fe2B.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, Y. KERMICHE, , (2022), "Boriding treatment of low alloy steels: Effect of holding time and temperature;", [international] 5th International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science , Istanbul, Turkey

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Parameters effect of manual electric welding on structural and mechanical properties of assembled steels,

Welding is the technic of assembling more metal parts with or without bring metal. The several welding processes have been regrouped into a group of fusion welding. This last is based on the principles of heat application to assemble the materials to be welded. Different welding processes are determined by the thermal energy source whether it results from electrical, chemical and mechanical energy, with a variety of different techniques available. The aim of this work is to study the effects parameters of electrical manual welding as current, arc voltage and type of chamfer on the structural and mechanical properties of welding seam of steel parts assembled by manual arc welding was investigated in this study. Three types of current, three types of potentials and three types of chamfers were chosen during this study. After analyzing by various characterization technics of all samples assembled by the welding process mentioned, the three technological parameters of current, arc voltage and chamfer kind selected in this study were optimized.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Parameters effect of manual electric welding on structural and mechanical properties of assembled steels,", [international] Tunisia Chemistry Conference TCC , Monastir, Tunisia

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Effect of nature and surface state of steel on structural and mechanical properties of galvanization coatings

Zinc and some of its alloys have a number of characteristics that make it well suited for use as a protective coating against the corrosion of steel substrates under severe atmospheric conditions. The metal zinc, which represents the main galvanization element offers then a cathodic protection to the ferrous materials. Because of these excellent characteristics, galvanization coatings are expected to be used for different protective applications fields. The aim of this research work is to study the effect of surface roughness of steel substrate on structural and mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds of galvanization coatings obtained at different immersion time. After a best preparation of here surfaces by different roughness process, various steel of substrates were galvanized by immersion in a molten zinc bath maintained at 450°C During the galvanization process, the chemical reactions that take place between the steel and the liquid zinc give rise to the formation of different intermetallic. Thus, three phases of Gamma, Delta and Zeta are produced on the steel substrate. Theses metallic compounds have been coated then by a solid solution of iron in zinc Eta. These intermetallic compounds are hard and fragile and the product that is obtained is not suitable for working, since this would inevitably lead to cracking and detachment of the coating. The morphology and thickness of phases formed the coatings at different parameters took place with scanning optical microscope. Finally the hardness of coatings was measured with a Vickers hardness tester.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Effect of nature and surface state of steel on structural and mechanical properties of galvanization coatings", [international] Tunisia Chemistry Conference TCC , Monastir, Tunisia

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Boriding Treatment of Low Alloy Steels: Effect of Holding Time and Temperature

Boriding is a thermochemical treatment that can be applied to improve the mechanical and chemical properties of steels by surface modification while stilling adequate substrate properties. This kind of treatment is widely used to protect the degradation of the mechanical parts’ surface against wear. The boride atoms introduced into the steel can produce a hard metallic compound formed by diffusion and precipitation. The present study has been conducted in order to obtain an iron borides layer on two types of steel substrates 16NC6 and 20MC5 by using a powder consisting of B4C, NaBF4 and, SiC. The solid boriding treatment was carried out in an electric furnace heated to 950°C for three holding times of 2h, 4h and, 6h. The present research work focuses an the effect studying of holding time as a parameter on the thickness, structure, morphology, and hardness of layers obtained on low carbon steels by the case boriding. As confirmed by structure and microstructure characterization, the hard boride layers produced form two phases of FeB and Fe2B.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, Y. KERMICHE,, , (2022), "Boriding Treatment of Low Alloy Steels: Effect of Holding Time and Temperature", [national] Engineering Materials Research , Scientific Publisher Net -Trans Tech Publications Ltd

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Annealing Time Effect on Intermetallic Compounds of Hot Dip Galvanizing Coating

The use of zinc coatings deposited onto steel is one of the most important commercial processing techniques employed to protect steel components exposed to severe corrosive environments. Our objective is to improve the coated galvanizing steel used as irrigation tube in the agriculture field. After the best mechanical and chemical preparation, the substrates of this steel were galvanized by immersion in a molten zinc bath heated at 450°C during 15 min. the coated steel substrates underwent an annealing treatment in classical furnace heated at 350 °C for various holding times. This research work is to investigate the time effect of annealing treatment on intermetallic compounds of coatings obtained by hot dip galvanizing steel. For this purpose, several characterization means are used to evaluate the change effected by the annealing time on the phases of galvanizing coating. The kinetic growth of each layer relates the thickness to the annealing time by a simple power law. The treatment of annealing at temperature of 350 °C and holding time of 150 min can changed the structural and mechanical properties of coating phases. The gamma and delta layers presented the hard inner layers became relatively soft phases which would not lead to cracking and detachment of the coating.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Annealing Time Effect on Intermetallic Compounds of Hot Dip Galvanizing Coating", [national] Materials Engineering and Science II , Trans Tech Publication –Scientific Net

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Physical and Mechanical Characterization Study of Thin Nitriding Layers Produced by Plasma on Low Alloy Steel

The present study has been conducted in order to obtain iron nitrides layer on AISI4140 steel by using plasma nitriding treatment. As one of several parameters of this process, the nitrogen rate ranging from 10 to 70% with a step of 20% was chosen. The structure, the morphology, the thickness and the hardness of iron nitrides layer were investigated. As a result, the improvement of surface hardness of nitrided steel was identified related with the increase of compound layer thickness due to the increase of activation rate. The steel substrate treated at high activation rate presents hardness 3 times higher than that of untreated steel.

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Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Physical and Mechanical Characterization Study of Thin Nitriding Layers Produced by Plasma on Low Alloy Steel", [national] Materials Engineering and Science II , Trans Tech Publication –Scientific Net

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Effect of he temperature and holding time on carburizing treatment of 18CN4 and 22MC4 steels

The surface of mechanical parts subjected to sever loads influence to a great extent the resistance to wear and fatigue. In majority of cases, producing of a hard superficial layer on a less tough substrate is conducive to an increased resistance to mechanical wear and fatigue. Hard layer of steel obtained by carburizing which bonded progressively to martensitic area of high hardness and to a core steel of lower hardness and greater toughness is an example of a good solution of the exposed problem. The high hardness of the carburizing layer is due to the increased concentration of carbon atoms located the interstitial sites of austenite before quenching. The lower hardness of the core after quenching is due to the presence of ferrite and pearlite components which appear if the cooling rate after austenitization becomes lower than the critical one. The objective of the present study was to obtain a cemented surface layer on low alloy steel by means of pack carburizing treatment. Different steel grades, austenitization temperatures as well as different soaking times were used as parameters of the solid carburizing treatment. During this treatment, carbon atoms from the cement powder diffuse toward the steels surface and form compounds of iron carbides. The effect of carburizing parameters on the rate transformation, on the thickness and morphology of carburizing layers, on structure and hardness of surface of steels produced by carburizing treatment was investigated by various characterization technic.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Effect of he temperature and holding time on carburizing treatment of 18CN4 and 22MC4 steels", [national] Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences , Book Publisher International

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Indirect Production of Chromium Carbides Film on Low Alloy Steel

Chromium carbide coatings deposited on mechanical parts by different techniques have an interesting hardness, wear-resistant and corrosion resistance. Some studies show that chromium carbides produced by physical vapor deposition methods and revealed a superior hardness present a poor adherence to their substrates. The objective of this study is to indirectly obtain a hard, and adherent coating of chromium carbide by using a conversion treatment including carburizing treatment of steel substrate, deposition of a pure chromium layer, and annealing treatment of coated carburized steel under a carbonic gas atmosphere. Treatment temperature has an effect on the partial or complete conversion of chromium film as a result of the diffusion and precipitation process. The transformation rate of chromium into both chromium carbide layers was investigated. For 1 h of holding treatment, chromium film was totally transformed at 900 °C into chromium carbide film which presented high hardness and excellent adhesion.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2022), "Indirect Production of Chromium Carbides Film on Low Alloy Steel", [national] Materials Science Forum , Scientific Publisher Net -Trans Tech Publications Ltd,

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2021

Annealing time effect on intermetallic compounds of hot dip galvanizing coating

The use of zinc coatings deposited onto steel is one of the most important commercial processing techniques employed to protect steel components exposed to severe corrosive environments. Our objective is to improve the coated galvanizing steel used as irrigation tube in the agriculture field. After the best mechanical and chemical preparation, the substrates of this steel were galvanized by immersion in a molten zinc bath heated at 450°C during 15 min. the coated steel substrates underwent an annealing treatment in classical furnace heated at 350 °C for various holding times. This research work is to investigate the time effect of annealing treatment on intermetallic compounds of coatings obtained by hot dip galvanizing steel. For this purpose, several characterization means are used to evaluate the change effected by the annealing time on the phases of galvanizing coating. The kinetic growth of each layer relates the thickness to the annealing time by a simple power law. The treatment of annealing at temperature of 350 °C and holding time of 150 min can changed the structural and mechanical properties of coating phases. The gamma and delta layers presented the hard inner layers became relatively soft phases which would not lead to cracking and detachment of the coating
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2021), "Annealing time effect on intermetallic compounds of hot dip galvanizing coating", [international] 4th International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science , Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

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Physical and mechanical characterization study of thin niitriding layers produced by plasma on low alloy steel

The present study has been conducted in order to obtain iron nitrides layer on AISI4140 steel by using plasma nitriding treatment. As one of several parameters of this process, the nitrogen rate ranging from 10 to 70% with a step of 20% was chosen. The structure, the morphology, the thickness and the hardness of iron nitrides layer were investigated. As a result, the improvement of surface hardness of nitrided steel was identified related with the increase of compound layer thickness due to the increase of activation rate. The steel substrate treated at high activation rate presents hardness 3 times higher than that of untreated steel.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2021), "Physical and mechanical characterization study of thin niitriding layers produced by plasma on low alloy steel", [international] 4th International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science , Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

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Study of absolute hardness of thin films by monolayer model application

In order to determine the absolute hardness of film or coating, it is necessary to separate the contribution of substrate. It is known that the film thickness and on the applied load are generally the principal two parameters that can determine in this case the absolute hardness of film. The apparent hardness values obtained from indentation measurements are the result of the contributions of the substrate and the film. In order to determine the true hardness of the film, these two contributions must be separated. Several authors have worked on this topic over the years, and there are a large number of models written under an additive linear function that are available in the literature. The purpose of this research is to determine the absolute hardness of nitride thin layers produced by two activation rates of plasma of 50% and 65%. At the surface of the specimens, a series of classical Vickers indentation at various loads was applied. The separation of substrate contribution of the on the measurement hardness of the film reported in the literature is very complicated due to several parameters that they intervene, and for this reason, we used in this study Jonsson- Hogmark model (J-H) which is simple and gives according to the several previous studies the best results.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2021), "Study of absolute hardness of thin films by monolayer model application", [national] Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research , Book Publisher International

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Study on Conversion Treatment of Thin Titanium Layer Deposited onto Carbon Steel Application of Physical and Mechanical Investigation

The present study has been conducted in order to obtain titanium carbide layer using a conversion treatment consisting of two main steps. In the first step a thin pure titanium layer was deposited onto 120C4 carbon steel by PVD. In a second step, a vacuum annealing treatment is conducted in order to diffuse the carbon atoms from the substrate toward the titanium coating. As a result, the pure titanium coating is transformed into titanium carbide. However, depending on the annealing temperature, partial or complete conversion into TiC is obtained. Due to that the hardness of the layer depends on the annealing temperature. By a systematic study of the hardness-load variation, the process of the phase transformation of the layer is then confirmed.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, B. WENDLER, D. CHICOT, , (2021), "Study on Conversion Treatment of Thin Titanium Layer Deposited onto Carbon Steel Application of Physical and Mechanical Investigation", [national] Newest Updates in Physical Science Research , Publisher Book Publisher International

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2020

Structure cristalline et défauts ponctuels

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2020), "Structure cristalline et défauts ponctuels", [national] Univ M'sila

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Comportement mécanique des matériaux métallique

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2020), "Comportement mécanique des matériaux métallique", [national] Univ M'sila

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Diffusion et transformation de phase

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2020), "Diffusion et transformation de phase", [national] Univ M'sila

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Mécanique de rupture

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2020), "Mécanique de rupture", [national] Université de M'sila

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Effect of the Carburizing Layer on the Morphology of Chromium Carbides

Low carbon steel substrates were face-hardened by cementing, after which thin layers of chromium were deposited electrolytically on these substrates. After deposition, the samples were exposed to isothermal annealing at a temperature of 950°C. The characterization of the thin layers was carried out by means of optical microscopy and interferometry using the Vickers microhardness test. The obtained results allowed establishing the phase shift kinetics (under the effect of the cementing layer) in thin layers of chromium, which are transformed into chromium carbide when passing through metastable transition phases. These transformations were due to diffusion of the carbon atoms coming from the layer of cementing, germination and growth in solid phase. This fact has been examined taking into account the annealing temperature, the lattice parameter evolution and the deposited chromium layer morphology. As to mechanical properties, it was established that the micro-hardness depends on the phase shift evolution
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, R. BOUBAAYA, O. ALLAOUI, Z. DRISSD, , (2020), "Effect of the Carburizing Layer on the Morphology of Chromium Carbides", [national] Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies , JSFUET

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Study of the Influence of Cementation Layer Thickness on Properties ofChromium Carbide Obtained by Conversion Treatment

Steel substrates low carbons were face-hardened by cementing in case, and thenthin layers of chromium were deposited by electrolytic way on these substrates.After deposition, the samples were exposed to isothermal annealing in thetemperature of 950°C. The characterization of the thin layers was made bymeans of optical microscopy and interferometry Vickers micro-hardness. Fromthe obtained results, we have established the kinetics of phase shift (under effectthe layer of cementing) in the thin layers of chromium which are transformedinto chromium carbide while passing by metastable phases of transition. Thesetransformations occurred by diffusion of the carbon atoms coming from layer ofcementing, germination and growth in solid phase. This fact has examinedaccording to the temperature of annealing, the evolution of the lattice parameterand the morphology of the deposited chromium layer. As regards the mechanicalproperties, it was established that the micro-hardness believes with the evolutionof the phase shift.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2020), "Study of the Influence of Cementation Layer Thickness on Properties ofChromium Carbide Obtained by Conversion Treatment", [national] International Journal of Computational andExperimental Science and ENgineering , dergipark

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2019

Hardness of Thin Alumina Films: Application of Monolayer Models

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2019), "Hardness of Thin Alumina Films: Application of Monolayer Models", [international] 3rd International Conference on Innovations in Natural Science and Engineering , Sakarya, Turkey,

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Carburising of Low Steel by Using Solid Cementation Treatment

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2019), "Carburising of Low Steel by Using Solid Cementation Treatment", [international] 3rd International Conference on Innovations in Natural Science and Engineering , Sakarya, TURKEY,

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Heat Treatment Effect on Intermatallic Compounds of Coatings Obtained by Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process,

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2019), "Heat Treatment Effect on Intermatallic Compounds of Coatings Obtained by Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process,", [international] 5th International Turkic World Conference on Chemical Sciences and Technologies , Sakarya, TURKEY

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Comparative study of anodizing treatment of recycled and non- recycled aluminum alloy

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M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2019), "Comparative study of anodizing treatment of recycled and non- recycled aluminum alloy", [international] 5th International Turkic World Conference on Chemical Sciences and Technologies , Sakarya, TURKEY

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2018

Conversion Treatment of Thin Titanium Layer Deposited on Carbon Steels

The present study has been conducted in order to obtain titanium carbide layer using a conversion treatment consisting of two main steps. In the first step a thin pure titanium layer was deposited on 120C4 carbon steel by PVD. In the second step, the carbon atoms from the substrate diffuse to the titanium coating due to a vacuum annealing treatment and the Ti coating transforms into titanium carbide. Depending on the annealing temperature a partial or complete conversion into TiC is obtained. The hardness of the layer can be expected to differ depending on the processing temperatures. By a systematic study of the hardness as a function of the applied load, we confirm the process of growth of the layer.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, B. WENDLER,, D. CHICOT, , (2018), "Conversion Treatment of Thin Titanium Layer Deposited on Carbon Steels", [national] Journal of Physics: Conf. Series /1033/1/012010 ISSN Online: 1742-6596 Print ISSN: 1742-6588 , IOP Conf. Series

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Carburizing treatment of low alloy steels: Effect of technological parameters

The surface areas of the parts subjected to mechanical loads influence to a great extent the resistance to wear and fatigue. In majority of cases, producing of a hard superficial layer on a tough substrate is conducive to an increased resistance to mechanical wear and fatigue. Cementation treatment of low alloy steels which bonds superficial martensitic layer of high hardness and lateral compressive to a core of lower hardness and greater toughness is an example of a good solution of the problem. The high hardness of the martensitic layer is due to an increased concentration of interstitial carbon atoms in the austenite before quenching. The lower hardness of the core after quenching is due to the presence of ferrite and pearlite components which appear if the cooling rate after austenitization becomes lower than the critical on. The objective of the present study was to obtain a cemented surface layer on low alloy steel by means of pack carburizing treatment. Different steel grades, austenitization temperatures as well as different soaking times were used as parameters of the pack carburizing treatment. During this treatment, carbon atoms from the pack powder diffuse toward the steels surface and form compounds of iron carbides. The effect of carburizing parameters on the transformation rate of low carbon surface layer of the low alloy steel to the cemented one was investigated by several analytical techniques
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2018), "Carburizing treatment of low alloy steels: Effect of technological parameters", [national] Materials Science Journal of Physics: Conference Series , IOP

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DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE HARDNESS OF THIN FILMS BY MODEL APPLICATION

In order to determine the absolute hardness of film or coating, it is necessary to separate the different contributions. It is known that, depending on the thickness of the film and on the applied load, indentation measurements give apparent hardness values which are the results of contributions by both the substrate and the film. There is a need therefore to separate these two contributions in order to determine the true hardness of the film. Numerous authors have worked on this subject during the past and a large number of models who
are written under an additive linear function are available in the literature. This study is to determine the absolute hardness of nitride thin layers obtained by two activation rate plasma of 50 and 65%. A series of classical Vickers indentation at several loads were applied at the surface of the specimens. The true hardness of these thin films was determined by using monolayer model of Jonsson and Hogmark which gives in general cases the concluded results.
Citation

M. BENARIOUA Younes, (2018), "DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE HARDNESS OF THIN FILMS BY MODEL APPLICATION", [national] Sigma J. Eng. & Nat. Sci. , SJENS

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