M. LEMKHALTI Ahmed

The urban landscape of Algerian cities is undergoing a significant deterioration,
whether in terms of planning or management, because despite the efforts made by the
State to organize and control urban space, it has not limited the inability of urban
planning mechanisms to take care of citizens' concerns, whether by meeting their
spatial needs in terms of housing, public facilities... etc., or by taking full care of their
urban heritage, which represents a cultural message that reflects the identity and
characteristics of its inhabitants and is a fundamental reason for strengthening the
belonging and strengthening the cultural identity of citizens (Mohamed Samir, 2012),
and a material expression of the importance of successive civilizations, which gives
these cities their distinctive intimacy and originality, making them a tourist
destination and attraction at a time when the influx of urban heritage and
archaeological sites has become one of the most important global industries of interest
to all countries, because of the positive effects they produce at all levels (Françoise &
David, 2011).
In addition to considering cultural heritage in general and urban heritage in particular,
a common human heritage within the meaning of the 1954 Hague Convention and its
subsequent protocols, which entrusted the responsibility for its protection to the
international community (M , Boumediene, and A, Dilami, 2017), while the notion of
cultural heritage has become more global and is not limited to buildings of historical
value, but extends beyond all movable property, whether antiquities, documents or
writings. Under international agreements, Algeria has been quick to take a number of
legal and legislative measures to protect its cultural heritage in general and its urban
heritage in particular. It should be noted that despite these measures, much of our
heritage has been neglected. without protection and without preventive measures to
preserve it. This led to the encroachment on historical monuments, the theft of many
archaeological objects and the destruction of many heritage testimonies that reflect a
period that embodied the succession of many civilizations that shaped the history of
Algeria. (Samiha Hanan Khawadjia, 2016).
Through what has been mentioned, we will try in this research paper, initially, to
identify a number of imbalances, whether at the level of legal measures related to the
issue of heritage protection or at the level of urban planning mechanisms that
characterized urban policy in Algeria, which ignored the issue of urban heritage and
was unable to develop a strategy. There are clear definitions for preserving, protecting
and using it for the benefit of society and the national economy (Françoise & David,
2011). In a second step, we will make a critical reading of the most important laws
that have governed urban heritage from independence to the present day, after which a
field study will be presented for one of the archaeological sites, which is the Castle of
Bani Hammad in the municipality of Mâadid, and how to protect them, based on a
questionnaire distributed to the group of inhabitants, and an interview is also

conducted with a group of specialists in this regard, and relying on geographical
information. (Arc gis), it is possible to determine the perimeter that must be protected
in addition to the easement space. Finally, a set of recommendations is developed, on
the basis of which a new vision is formed to protect our urban heritage and sustain it
for future generations.
KEYWORDS
Urban heritage, urban planning tools, Kalaa Beni Hammad, Algeria

The participation of human resources is necessary to improve and embody the aspirations of local development, which works to organize and run the urban field for its development and improvement, which will inevitably be reflected in the improvement of the living conditions of the population.In light of the foregoing, this study comes as an attempt to search for the role of participatory planning, and the extent of the human element's contribution to raising the level of urban improvement, which will inevitably contribute to activating and achieving effective and sustainable local development.

Abstract.
Citizen participation has become one of the pillars of good governance in order to achieve sustainable local development. This is what the World Bank's contribution in Algeria has been aimed at, through the Precarious Habitat Resorption Program (P.H.R), by adopting the pattern of popular participation among its priorities to change the deteriorating situation experienced by the residents of these neighborhoods. This study is to assess the popular participation in these projects and to determine the extent to which they have affected public action and the improvement of the conditions of the population, and what obstacles have prevented the realization of the objectives of this; And as a research methodology, the descriptive method was used, as well as the method hqe2r, (h: high, q: quality, e: (environmental/ economic efficiency/social equity), r: (neighborhood renewal / building rehabilitation), through the L indi (indicateur's Impact) application. The results of the first phase of the preliminary situational evaluation were evaluated at between 0 and 1.4, where a total absence of popular participation was noted. In the second phase of the evaluation, after the exploitation of the project, the indicators jumped to 3 points. This explains the significant improvement in public action, but popular participation remains below the required level, due to the weakness of the legal system and the absence of a legal framework that controls public action and restrains the authority of the administration.
Keywords. evaluation-partipatory planning-urban improvement projects- the indi model (indicateur's Impact) - Bou Saada city.

Abstract
Citizen participation has become one of the pillars of good governance in order to achieve sustainable local development. This is what the World Bank's contribution in Algeria has been aimed at, through the Precarious Habitat Resorption Program (P.H.R), by adopting the pattern of popular participation among its priorities to change the deteriorating situation experienced by the residents of these neighborhoods. This study is to assess the popular participation in these projects and to determine the extent to which they have affected public action and the improvement of the conditions of the population, and what obstacles have prevented the realization of the objectives of this; And as a research methodology, the descriptive method was used, as well as the method hqe2r, (h: high, q: quality, e: (environmental/ economic efficiency/social equity), r: (neighborhood renewal / building rehabilitation), through the L indi (indicateur's Impact) application. The results of the first phase of the preliminary situational evaluation were evaluated at between 0 and 1.4, where a total absence of popular participation was noted. In the second phase of the evaluation, after the exploitation of the project, the indicators jumped to 3 points. This explains the significant improvement in public action, but popular participation remains below the required level, due to the weakness of the legal system and the absence of a legal framework that controls public action and restrains the authority of the administration

Résumé

Aujourd’hui, le phénomène le plus dramatique dans le monde est l’explosion démographique qu’il a atteinte, représenté par une concentration frappante des populations dans les villes.
C’est à dire, une vaste diffusion de l’urbanisation toût dans le monde développé que celui en voie de développent ,ce phénomène qui s’entendu au double plan de la taille des villes et du Taux d’urbanisation .
Au plan de la taille des villes ,nous pouvons observer un véritable phénomène d’explosion ,dont
aujourd’hui , la taille moyenne des 100 plus grande villes du monde est de plus de 5 millions d’habitants et une ville de 200.000 habitants est une ville moyenne ( d’après le rapport de métropolis à « Habitat II » .
Au plan du taux d’urbanisation , on à presque 60 % de la population mondiale qui vit ou qui vivra
dans les villes , de plus l’ancien équilibre ville compagne n’existe plus , pour être remplacé par le concept de centre et périphéries, cette même urbanisation nous à littéralement crée d’autre épidémies que l’on peut appeler : drogue , quartier malfamé , violence et criminalité …etc.


Et de ce fait , les villes algériennes, comme touts les villes des pays sous développes , sont confrontées a la question cruciale des infrastructures urbanismes est des transport , notamment en commun , ainsi la qualité des prestations offerts aux ci traduis en matière de services urbains ( transport collectifs , eau , assainissement , élimination des déchets , services administratifs ,
sociaux ,sanitaires et culturels ).
De l’étude effectuée sur la ville de Bou saada , 2 éme agglomération urbaine en matière d’habitants, et qui prend une position géostratégique dans le sud de la wilaya da M’sila et formant un point de rencontre des routes nationales :N° 8 Alger – Bou saada / N° 45 Bou saada - M’sila /N° 46 Biskra - Bou saada- Djelfa .
IL nous à paraît que la croissance urbaine de cette ville influe négativement sur son environnement urbain , sur la gestion des technique urbaines , tous cela se répercute sur la vie quotidienne du citoyen Bou saadi ; qui s y trouve dans des conditions nom souhaitables ,telles que manque de espaces vert ,des lieux de loisirs , la nom viabilisation des quartiers planifiés , consommation du sol irrationnelle et incontrôlable , mettant la ville encerclée plus que les contraints naturelles , par des quartiers illicites telle que Sidi slimaine, Rasfa et Maitar, ce qui a fait un effet des taches d’huile et tendent à se propager de manière rapide . cet urbanisme sauvage incarne de plus en plus la mal–vie , l’incrifort et l’insécurité .et devant cette situation critique qu’ a connue la ville de Bou saada , et surtout après Les années 70, les autorités locales restées incapables de trouver de vends adéquates au conséquences de la croissance urbaine , faute de l’absence de la culture urbaine chez le citoyen , et de l’absence totale d’une politique urbaine chez les gestionnaires de la ville .
Et en fin je pense que la l’an du 06-12-06 portant les orientations de la ville , va prendre le nouvel état d’esprit qui doit initions la ville de demain , en mettant l’accent sur la gestion de la proximité selon laquelle sont recherchés et mis en place les supports et procédures destinés à associer,
directement ou par le biais du mouvement associatif , le citoyen à la gestion des programmes et action concernant son cadre de vie d’en apprécier et évaluer les effets engendrées.