M. BAHLOUL Ahmed

L'électropolissage des grilles de batterie ENPEC a été réalisé avec succès, confirmé par différentes techniques telles que la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), la mesure de la rugosité et les tests électrochimiques comme les diagrammes de polarisation et les mesures d'impédance. Cette méthode s'est avérée efficace pour améliorer la surface des grilles,
L'électropolissage offre ainsi une solution prometteuse pour obtenir des surfaces de grilles plus lisses et plus propres, ce qui pourrait
conduire à des améliorations significatives des performances et de la durabilité des batteries ENPEC

La détermination des activités anti-inflammatoires par les techniques de voltamétrie cyclique consiste à utiliser cette méthode électrochimique pour évaluer l'efficacité d'extraits naturels ou de médicaments, tels que le diclofénac, dans la réduction des processus inflammatoires. La voltamétrie cyclique mesure les courants électrochimiques générés lors de réactions redox réversibles sur une électrode de travail. Dans le contexte des activités anti-inflammatoires, cela peut être utilisé pour détecter les espèces oxydantes ou réductrices produites lors de réactions inflammatoires, et évaluer la capacité d'un médicament ou d'un extrait à inhiber ces réactions.
Dans le cas du diclofénac, un médicament couramment utilisé comme anti-inflammatoire, la voltammétrie cyclique peut être employée pour étudier son mécanisme d'action et son efficacité dans l'inhibition des processus inflammatoires. Les paramètres tels que les pics de courant, les potentiels de pic et les réponses cinétiques peuvent fournir des informations précieuses sur la capacité du médicament à neutraliser les espèces réactives impliquées dans l'inflammation. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons préparé des solutions contenant l'extrait naturel ou le médicament, ainsi que des marqueurs chimiques spécifiques des processus inflammatoires. Ces solutions sont ensuite soumises à des mesures voltampérométriques. Les résultats obtenus nous a permet d'évaluer l'activité anti-inflammatoire en fonction de la l’intensité du courant électrochimique associés aux réactions inflammatoires.

A pair of polyaniline (PANIs) samples was prepared from HCl or H2SO4 electrolytes containing 0.01 M of aniline, and then subjecting them to electropolymerization. The morphology, structure, and properties of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the capacitance and morphology of the product depend exclusively on the reactive medium used. The PANI was used as a material electrode in a supercapacitor, and the electrochemical performance of the elaborated electrodes was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The optimal results for the specific capacitance of the PANI films were achieved under a 5-mVs−1 scan rate, ranging from 410.35 F/g for the FTO/PANI-H2SO4 to 758.72 F/g for the FTO/PANI-HCl.

In this study, we have used various electrodeposition techniques, namely direct and pulse chronoamperometry, to prepare MnO2–NiO composite films from an acetate solution onto fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates (FTO). Subsequently, the metal oxide conversion process was carried out through a heat treatment at 300 °C for 5 h. We used X-ray Diffraction, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the crystalline properties, compositions, and morphologies of the electrodeposited films. To evaluate the electrochemical performance, we conducted cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge tests (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Specifically, when applying the pulse deposition mode (denoted as P), the FTO/MnO2–NiO (P) film exhibited a specific capacitance of 375 Fg−1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag−1, meeting the required standard. This result confirms that the FTO/MnO2–NiO (P) film is a promising alternative for electrode applications. Additionally, the film demonstrated an impressive 56.87% capacity retention after 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 2 Ag−1.

The FTO/MnO2-Graphene composite was prepared using a one-step electrochemical approach employing chronoamperometry. Graphene was synthesized via electrochemical exfoliation and characterized using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The prepared composite film exhibiting an extraordinary structure offers a large surface area provided with several channels to enhance the rapid diffusion of ions and electron transport owing to the grapheme sheets content. Various characteristics of the composite films have been investigated through X ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the electrochemical performance of the FTO/MnO2 and FTO/MnO2-GR films, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were conducted. The specific capacitance was found at 5 mV·s−1, to be 192.3 F g−1 with graphene and 73.5 F g−1 without. This increase in capacitance upon incorporating grapheme sheets suggests that FTO/MnO2-GR composite film would have many potential applications as suitable materials for supercapacitor electrodes and energy storage devices. The FTO/MnO2-GR in a asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrated an excellent reversible operation, delivering an energy density of 3 W h kg−1 at a specific power of 25 W/ kg. Furthermore, even after 1000 cycles, the FTO/MnO2-GR asymmetric supercapacitor retains an impressive 99 % of its capacitance.

Emergent Xylella species have been associated with diseases that cause tremendous losses in many economically important plants, including olive, grapevine, alfalfa, peach, plum, almond, elm, sycamore, maple, and citrus transmitted efficiently by xylem-feeding leafhoppers. Xylella physiological characteristics, its virulence, dissemination seem paradoxical, make diagnosis difficult. Better understand phytopathogen mechanisms, its virulence factors, its bioecological cycles, open perspectives for its fight. Methodology and Results : The study aimed the review of scientific data, by critical analysis of technical reports, scientific papers, focuses on the description symptoms, virulence, bioecological cycle, biofilms formation, transmission, the main target plants biocontrol and elimination means. This emergent Gram-negative, xylem-limited bacterium was first discovered associated with grapevine in 1973 and was first grown in axenic culture in 1978. While there has been considerable progress in its study over the past 40 years, however our Xylella species knowledge, it's mode of transmission, it's bioecological cycles, its physiopathological mechanisms are still very limited. Gram negative rod, strict aerobic, immobile, asporogenic, oxidase negative, catalase positive, optimum temperature: 26°C- 28°C, pH: 6.5- 6.9. GC : 51%- 52.4%. Auxotrophic. Several recommended bacteriological media as : Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract also Yeast Extract Agar. Currently, optimized molecular technics allow rapid phytopathogen diagnosis, in both insects' digestive tract and plant tissue. Currently no curative and/or preventive available means to fight against this pandemic. Conclusion and recommendations: Xylella species considered as quarantine pest in Mediterranean Southern shore underdeveloped countries, as in Algeria, few data are available on this phytopathogen species. This worrying epidemiological situation requires emergency measures by strengthening the means of control, prophylaxis, communication, awareness, research and development, the establishment of an observatory and specialized laboratories, in charge of control, vigilance, monitoring of global and/or regional epidemiological developments

New technologies have therefore appeared in recent years, including advanced oxidation processes (AOP). These
are technologies based on the production of highly reactive oxidizing species such as the hydroxyl radical, to
degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants [1].
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of these AOPs which has already demonstrated its ability to treat a large
number of pollutants. Propelled by the advancement of so-called photonic technologies, this technique has gained
ground in recent years and has proven to be very effective in eliminating toxic compounds in water in an
economical and clean way, because it uses a renewable energy source. and semiconductor materials at limited cost
[2, 3].
The objective of this study is to synthesis of a new material Ag2MnO2 which will be used in photocatalysis process
and to verify the effectiveness of this material in the treatment of wastewater obtained from Ain Taghrout WWTP.
The results showed that the synthetized Ag2MnO2 possesses very encouraging photocatalytic properties which
given the significant decrease in COD from 600 mg/l to 60 mg/l. The BOD5 was decreased from 300 mg/l up to 26
mg/l which represents a depollution efficiency of 91%

Peganum harmala L. is a plant widely used in the traditional Algerian medicine. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety profile of P. harmala hydromethanolic extract (PhHm).
In the acute toxicity, the animals were divided into six groups, and the extract was administered as different single doses of 70, 200, 300, 500, 800 or 2000 mg/kg Body weight. The general behavior of mice and mortality was continuously monitored every day for 14 days. In the Chronic toxicity the animals were divided into 4 groups, the extract was administered for 90 days. Groups 1, 2 and 3: received the extract with a dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg Body weight, respectively. After each month blood samples were taken for biochemical and hematological tests.
In the acute toxicity, mortality is dose dependent, where the median lethal dose LD50 is estimated at 501.47 mg/kg Body weight. In the chronic toxicity, the extract did not cause any behavioral changes and any mortality. In both studies a significant increase in liver enzymes were observed while urea and creatinine levels decreased in the treated animals. In the repeated oral administration of PhHm extract, an increase in platelet numbers was noted and the histological examination of the liver showed a leukocyte infiltration and a vascular congestion.

In the present work, it has been directly prepared the polyaniline-MnO2-grapheneternary composite film onto fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate (FTO/PANI-MnO2-GR). The film in question were obtained through electropolymerization of aniline with manganese dioxide electrodeposition, both occurring at once under the same imposed potential 1.2 V vs. SCE. The electropolymerization process is first performed with the presence of dispersed graphene (2 mg) in 0.1 M aniline, 25 mM, or 75 mM of manganese sulfate, 0.1 M Na2SO4, and 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution. The carried out work primarily aims to build a new ternary composite film in directly combining mono dimensional coated MnO2 conducting polyaniline PANI with bi-dimensional graphene sheets. The targeted work is plainly justified by the fact that ternary composites compared to individual components such as supercapacitor electrode materials are endowed with much more high electrochemical capacitance. The process is separately conducted without and with dispersed graphene and its electrolyte solution. The electrochemically synthesized graphene sheets are incorporated under low agitation. The specific capacitance is computed by mean of cyclic voltammetry (CV) technic under 5 m Vs−1 outcomes 107.29 F g−1 for FTO/PANI that rises to 249.03 F g−1 for the ternary composite film FTO/PANI-MnO2 75-GR.

Polyaniline (PANI) has been widely studied and used for the energy storage applications, especially in supercapacitors, this is due to their good pseudocapacitance properties, and it is easy for synthesis. In this study, we describe the effects of the electrodeposition applied potential on the electrochemical performance of polyaniline films. The electrodeposition of PANI films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate is released by chronoamperometry technique using an electrolytic solution containing 0.3 M of aniline in 1 M H2SO4 at different applied potentials (i.e.,  + 0.8 V, + 0.9 V and + 1 V vs. SCE) for 300 sin time. All prepared films are characterized by different techniques scanning electronic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and electrical conductivity measurement. For the application, the FTO/PANI films are used as material electrode in supercapacitor. The electrochemical performances are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. An important increase in specific capacitances is observed at 0.2 A g−1 from 54.8 F g−1 for FTO/PANI 0.8 film to 157.42 F g−1 for FTO/PANI 0.9 and 195.94 F g−1 for FTO/PANI 1.

Conducting organic polymers have applications into energy storage devices such as electrochemical supercapacitors. We deposited Polyaniline (PANI) films using electrodeposition under direct and pulse potentiometry. In this study we describe the effects of electrodeposition mode on the capacitance of PANI films. The electrodeposition of PANI films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate was released by direct (FTO/PANI-D) and pulse (FTO/PANI-P) potentiometry technics using an electrolytic solution containing 0.3M of aniline in 1M H2SO4 for 300 s period of time. All prepared films are characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained specific capacitance for the FTO/PANI-D material alone is about 430.38 Fg-1 this value was increased up to 454.59 Fg-1 for the film FTO/PANI-P at 5 mVs-1.

Graphene (Gr) synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation method has been used
to prepare the composite material (PbO2-Gr) including different amounts of graphene (1 and 5%).
Taking into account the advantages of the high conductivity of Gr and the capacitance of PbO2,
as a reference, the PbO2-Gr composite material served for the application in lead-acid batteries as a positive
electrode. On one hand, the morphology and structure of the whole pure graphene, PbO2, and PbO2-
Gr were characterized by different technics XRD, TEM, and electrical conductivity. The
electrochemical performance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic
voltammetry, and galvanostatic discharge tests. The discharge capacity of the PbO2 material
experienced is around 40mAh which witnessed an increase of 53mAh regarding the composite
material PbO2-Gr1%.

The removal of metallic trace elements from our environment especially in wastewater is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of biosorbents materials which have a big potential application in environmental control and metal recovery operations. It can be considered as an alternative green technology which has been proved as more efficient and economical for metallic trace elements. In this work, we propose to test the ability of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) seeds in the elimination of metallic trace elements (Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+) in water. This study was carried out by electrochemical (differential pulse polarography) and spectroscopic characterization (fourier-transform infrared, FTIR). The Coriandrum sativum seeds are powdered and added with different weight (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, and 2 g) to different solutions containing Pb2+, Cd2+, or Cu2+ (20 ppm), after filtration with filter paper, all solutions were analyzed by differential pulse polarography technic (DPP) with a dropping mercury electrode (HMDE). The obtained results had shown a significant ability in removing, which achieved a removal efficiency of the 98.05% of Pb2+, 98.1% of Cd2+ and 87% of Cu2+ at 2 g of optimal mass of Coriandrum sativum powder. The obtained results indicate that the Coriandrum sativum is a good support for elimination of toxic metals. The metallic trace elements Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ are mainly interacted by the chelation between metallic ions and the carboxylate anion as the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid in Coriandrum sativum particles.