M. ABADOU Fadhila

Intercultural communication is a mustfor every people and the position
of translation is fundamental,it is necessary for bothinternational business and social relations. The purpose of translation is transmitting ideas and events through time and space, itfulfils a role bybreaking down language barriers.
Translation is not simply a mechanical transfer oflinguistic elements, but a complex process embedded in culture and meaning productionaccording to what is considered appropriate andconsistent with socio-cultural conditions ofthe receiving context. It mustbalance the transmission of information and ensure that it is culturally appropriate toachieve understanding in the receiving arena while managing practical concerns, timeconstraints, and client demands.
The theories reviewedargue that language and culture are intimately connected and that translation is an act ofcommunication across cultures that prescribes not only linguistic competence but also aprofound understanding of the social norms, values, and way of life of the receiving culturalcommunity. The social context defines what is and what is not translatable and what is or what is not acceptable. According to this perspective, a translator is necessarily the product of his or her society, his or her own sociocultural background is present in everything we translate.
And because language remains an integral part of society there are concepts,that represent the national identity and culture of people, do not exist in another language, the fact that necessitates the developmentof methods and tools to translate them into the receiving language and understanding their sociolinguistic roots in contemporary intercultural communication.
According to Nida (1976), methods and approaches from sociolinguistics should be considered relevant to discussion in translation because sociolinguistics offers tools for the interpretation of the communicative act thus enabling translators to analyze texts as communicative entities. Sociolinguistic concepts should be essentialfor any language mediator; they help to organize practical tools (terminology) and to address the most unpredictable aspects of the mediation.A basic understanding of sociolinguistics aids interpreters and translators in understanding the elusive notion of a source audience so as to enable them to consider forms of transfer of meaning that are acceptable for a target audience.
Thus, this research paper aims to answer the following questions:
- How doestranslation become intercultural communication?
- How do people fromvarying linguistic codes and cultural contexts communicate?
- How do we bridge the gap among speakers of different languages where culture is an
important contextualizing element?
- Howis this process of transferring a text from one language to another positioned vis avisintercultural communication?
- What are the major sociolinguistic issues in translation as a means of international communication?

Literary translation is not only about presenting ideas, but also about reproducing creativity and preserving the artistic and aesthetic sense. For Preserving the literary work, the translator should respect a certain number of constants that are, in their entirety, non-linguistic; the text must retain its literary status and its aesthetic character. Accordingly, literary translation requires a lot of linguistic and intellectual skills to reformulate the original text at the highest level. It is to say the same thing in another language in the sense that it is indirect authorship and paraphrase. It is a new form of the content of the original work with the greatest degree of clarity, accuracy and transparency; so that the reader/ the translator can get it as the author envisioned to re-express it in the target language.
Thus, the present work aims to answer the following questions
- If the scientific and technical text poses terminological problems due to the nature of each
field, what are the difficulties that the translator can face when translating literary texts?
- Where does the creativity of the translator appear, in understanding the text or in reexpressing it in the target language?
- To achieve the same effect as the original text, does the translator have the right to modify the text through addition, deletion and reformulation?
- Some free translations obscure the moral standards conveyed in the original text, to what extent can free translation be faithful to the original text?

Algeria faces a critical reality embodied in a linguistic struggle among three parties: classical Arabic, colloquial Arabic and French language. This struggle is a consequence of the French colonization which has worked hard to fight Arabic and replace it with French. Although the French colonization is over, this struggle continues, and the arabization policy, that the Algerian state has adopted for the use of classical Arabic, is failed because the Classical Arabic is still in constant decline, as it suffers from the creeping of colloquial Arabic into the educational and cultural institutions; in addition to the French language, which works to rival Arabic in the field of education (scientific and technical). Therefore, this research aims to know the relationship between the “mother’ tongue and the way of thinking, and how we perceive the world through it. It also highlights the importance of receiving science and knowledge in the mother tongue. In addition, this research presents the reasons behind the absence of the Arabic language in university, especially in scientific and technical fields. It
also sheds the light on the ways to revive the classical Arabic language in university through adopting a correct approach of translation and Arabization.

The linguistic diversity is a central issue in globalization that presents, in its place, major linguistic challenges; among these, the increasing place of dominant languages as English. To preserve it, we need policies. If we consider its multidisciplinary nature and its communicative function, translation is an authentic activity since it is practiced constantly in the real life outside classes, and it is the only activity in connection with the foreign language. Thus, the present research aims at investigating the role of translation in preserving the linguistic diversity despite the dominance of English language.

in the light of the current scientific renaissance and due to the intervention of the computer in all fields of knowledge, the need for machine translation has become urgent to transfer the huge information flow to various languages of the world and achieving the most benefit from it in the least time, effort and cost, we find the Arabic language in isolation from this
revolution, and from the rapid development in the field of computational linguistics, and being accused of failing to keep up the scientific and digital development, and being unable to
assimilate science and digital knowledge production and promotion due to the stagnation of its users and their failure to cope with the digital . Also, any development in the field of
Arabic language processing and its computer technologies should consider its characteristics referring to the results of other languages processing. Thus, this research aims to define the
nature of natural language processing machine translation, in addition to the benefit that Arabic language can get the computer through processing it automatically, in addition to the
steps that should be followed to advance in this field.

The Arabic language is accused of failing to keep up the scientific and digital development, and being unable to assimilate science and digital knowledge production and promotion. This fact forces the treatment of the subject from a scientific point of view, in order to put the Arabic language on track, as a communicative scientific tool like other languages. And because language computing derives from modern linguistics that has reclassified the language in a computational way, linguistics is an essential tool for anyone who wants to work in this field. But, it is absent in our schools and universities; there is a clear knowledge gap between the graduates of the Arab heritage linguistic studies and this issue. There is no doubt that the preparation of our Arabic language for the automatic processing deserves to give it a rise, adequacy and logic at the theoretical and practical levels like what has been achieved in many languages of other nations. It is worth mentioning that computational linguistics plays an active and effective role in solving this problem and being out of this serious cultural crisis through applying advanced automated technology, at the theoretical level, to deal with texts to improve our linguistic research in all its branches, and using the computer, at the applied level, to teach Arabic language as well as Computer-based Training. Therefore, this research aims to define the nature of the benefit that Arabic language can get from the computer through processing it automatically, in addition to the steps that should be followed to advance in this field .

The Arabic language is accused of failing to keep up the scientific and digital development, and being unable to assimilate science and digital knowledge production and promotion. And since the Internet has become one of the reliable sources of information, the poor Arab scientific digital content has become questioning the reliability of the information available in the Arabic language, which necessitates developing authentic Arabic content that reflects Arab identity, heritage and civilization,. Therefore, this research aims to know the challenges that the Arabic language is facing today, and the reasons that prevent it from being matched to the digital age, in addition to revealing the secret behind the low quality of Arab digital content. We conclude with some recommendations that support Arab digital content on the network.

Coherence is a cognitive process. It plays a key role in argumentation and thematic progression. To be characterised by appropriate coherence relations and structured in a logical manner, coherent discourse/text should have a context and a focus. However, it receives little attention in Machine translation systems that considers the sentence the largest translation unit to deal with, the fact that excludes the context that helps in interpreting the meaning (either by human or automatic translator). In addition to that, Current MT systems suffer from a lack of linguistic information at various stages (modelling, decoding, pruning) causing the lack of coherence in the output. The present research aims at , first, capturing the different aspects of
coherence, and second, introducing this notion in texts generated by machine translation based on sentence-by-sentence basis, in order to see and discuss the several phenomena that can lead to incoherent document translations with different language pairs

The large number of users of computers and information technology understand the relationship between computer and language as the computer provides great potential to study, analyze and simplify human languages and also to facilitate their education. But the relationship is not so, it involves a lot of complexities and ambiguities. The natural language
processing is a difficult and an incomprehensible expression/term because of the challenges that it poses. The automatic processing of language is primarily for the development, the
creation and the formulation of machine translation, whether written or spoken, because translation is the only means by which nations can cope with the explosion of knowledge and
information; no society or nation can live independently of this knowledge revolution in front of the hegemony of the English language in the world. The purpose of this research is to know the challenges posed by translation in this field and to what extent the computer succeeded in providing a translation equal to the human translation.