M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz

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Department

Departement of Nature and life sciences

Research Interests

Chimie analytique Chimie analytique, pollution de l'air

Contact Info

University of M'Sila, Algeria

Email : fairouz.bencharif-madani@univ-msila.dz

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Recent Publications

2024-12-15

Évaluation de la teneur en métaux traces et des risques pour la santé des PM10 dans un environnement urbain de Constantine

To assess the risks to human health caused by exposure to PM10 and associated trace elements, a measurement campaign was carried out at the Faculty of Earth Sciences in Constantine, 64 samples were collected over a period ranging from January 2015 to February 2016, the trace elements Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, V and Mn were analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The results reveal an annual average PM10 concentration of around 55.7 µg/m3 was three times higher than the guideline value recommended by the WHO (20 µg/m3). The average concentrations of Pb, As, Cd and Ni were 79.43, 0.46, 0.22 and 1.24 ng / m3, was lower than the European limit values (set at 500, 6, 5 and 20 ng / m3 respectively).
The risk levels of exposure (R) to carcinogenic heavy metals were in the following order: Cr>As>Cd>Co>Ni. Furthermore, these carcinogenic elements represented the greatest cancer risk in adults compared to children, chromium (Cr) cancer risks exceeded the threshold of 10-6, which could result in a cancer risk to human health since any cancer risk below the threshold value of 10-6 is considered negligible by the US EPA [1].
The sum of the risk levels (HI) for the nine heavy metals were 0.19 for children and 0.42 for adults, greater than 0.1 but less than 1. This suggests that the non-carcinogenic effects of heavy metals on PM10 are unlikely. Generally speaking, the impact on human health through inhalation of the trace elements analyzed appears to be rather low.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Ali-Khodja Hocine, , (2024-12-15), "Évaluation de la teneur en métaux traces et des risques pour la santé des PM10 dans un environnement urbain de Constantine", [international] The First International Congress on Recent Advances in Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences (1st-ICRAMPCS 2024) , Constantine

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2022-12-14

Identification des sources des PM10 et des éléments métalliques dans une zone urbaine de la ville de Constantine

L’exposition aux PM10 est un sujet de préoccupation sanitaire majeure, notamment dans les zones urbaines, l’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser la fraction métallique des particules fines émises et identifier leurs principales sources. Les échantillons de PM10 ont été collectées au site urbain à Zouaghi durant la période janvier 2015- février 2016 à l'aide d'un échantillonneur (HVS),.Après une digestion acide, 48 éléments ont été analysé chimiquement par ICP-AES pour les éléments majeurs et ICP-MS pour les éléments traces. La concentrations moyennes des PM10 pour la période d'étude était de 55.7 μg/m3 dépassant ainsi de presque 3 fois la valeur guide recommandé par l’OMS (20 μg/m3). L'analyse des facteurs d'enrichissement a indiqué que le Pb, le Sb, le Cd, le Bi, l'As et le Zn provenaient principalement de sources anthropiques. Les rapports élémentaires (Cu/Sb), (Ca/Al), (Zn/Pb), (La/Ce) et (V/Ni) ont été calculés et comparés à ceux rapportés dans la littérature. Un rapport (Ca/Al) significativement élevé, indique l'influence des poussières liées aux travaux de constructions, un faible rapport (Zn/Pb) était due aux concentrations élevées de Pb causées par l'utilisation d'essence plombé. L’analyse en composantes principales a permis d’identifier quatre sources principales : les particules terrigènes représentés par Al, Fe, Ti, Li, Mg, Ba, Sr et éléments de terres rares (47%), la remise en suspension des poussières représentée par les éléments Cr, As, S, P, V, Ca, Zn, Sn, Nb, K, Mg, Ba, Sr et Li (27%), le trafic routier pour Pb et Be (8%) et une source métallurgiques représentée par Cd et W (6%). Les résultats de cette analyse indiquent que les poussières sahariennes et les poussières remises en suspension sont les principales sources d'éléments contenus dans les PM10 dans la région de Zouaghi à Constantine.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Ali-Khodja Hocine, , (2022-12-14), "Identification des sources des PM10 et des éléments métalliques dans une zone urbaine de la ville de Constantine", [national] 1er Séminaire National des Sciences du Génie des Procédés : Applications et Innovations "SSGP'22" , USTHB Alger

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2022-09-15

Source apportionment of PM2.5 and their associated metallic elements by positive matrix factorization at a traffic site in Constantine, Algeria

Chemical characterization of PM2.5 (major and trace elements) was carried out for a source apportionment study of PM2.5 at a traffic site in Constantine, Algeria, from March 2017 to March 2018. For this purpose, several tools were used of which PMF, CPF, PSCF, Spearman correlation matrix and HYSPLIT back trajectories. The mean annual concentration of PM2.5 at the sampling site was 54.07 ± 28.81 μg/m3. This value is much higher than the annual threshold recommended by the WHO of 10 μg/m3. Based on the PMF modelling, five sources were identified: sea salts (15.1%), industrial activities (18.9%), nonexhaust
emissions (wear of brakes, tires and road surfaces) (24.2%), exhaust emissions (mixed diesel and gasoline engine exhaust) (15.8%) and mineral dust (25.9%) as the main sources of metallic aerosols at the sampling site in Constantine. Our results revealed that anthropogenic activities (traffic and industry) contributed 59% to all emissions, while natural sources (mineral dust and sea salt) accounted for 41%. Traffic-related sources are the major contributor to anthropogenic emissions (40%) with non-exhaust emissions being the dominant source. As anthropogenic emissions are the leading sources, their control is of utmost importance for improving air quality. The concentrations of PM2.5 tend to increase appreciably with temperature and wind speed for a relative humidity less than 60%. The contribution of vehicular emissions is affected by
relative humidity and temperature while industrial emissions are affected mainly by wind intensity and direction. Relative humidity, temperature and wind speed are determining parameters of mineral dust. There are seasonal variations in the contributions of the PMF-derived sources. Summer undergoes significant contributions of three factors: sea salts, industrial emissions and mineral dust. Spring is affected mainly by industrial emissions and non-exhaust emissions. Winter experiences a drastic contribution of the exhaust emission factor. Autumn is the least affected season by mineral dust and sea salts. It is rather affected by ndustrial and traffic emissions.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Naidja Lamri, Ali-Khodja Hocine, Khardi Salah, Terrouche Ahmed, Lokorai Kenza, Charron Aurélie, , (2022-09-15), "Source apportionment of PM2.5 and their associated metallic elements by positive matrix factorization at a traffic site in Constantine, Algeria", [national] Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health , Springer

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2021-02-02

Influence of mineral dust on the concentration and composition of PM10 in the city of Constantine

identify Saharan dust intrusions and evaluate their contribution to annual and daily PM10 at an urban background site located in the city of Constantine in Algeria. A reliable identification of SD days was carried out using aerosol maps provided by BSC-DREAM model and the information provided by HYSPLIT air mass back trajectories. SD is mainly composed of mineral dust (MD) due to the proximity of the Sahara to the study site. MD was determined by chemical speciation analysis and was estimated on SD days and non SD days. The contribution of MD on SD days was about 50% higher than that observed on non SD days. The observed average PM10 concentration during the study period was 56 ± 32.0 μg/m3. During SD days, the average PM10 concentration was 70 ± 36.1 μg/m3. On average, the PM10 concentration increased by 17.05 ± 12.7 μg/m3 on SD days. SD events contributed between 0.6 and 41.5 μg/m3 to the daily PM10 concentrations, whereas the average contribution to the annual PM10 concentration was 7.2 ± 11.8 μg/m3 i.e., 12.8 ± 15.5%. After the extraction of the SD load, the annual WHO air quality guideline (AQG) was still exceeded. SD incursions led to an increase of most metal elements concentrations by a factor ranging from 1.05 to 3.33. Our results point out that SD outbreaks are quite frequent as they occurred 42.2% of the annual days.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Lokorai Kenza, Ali-Khodja Hocine, Khardi Salah, Naidja Lamri, , (2021-02-02), "Influence of mineral dust on the concentration and composition of PM10 in the city of Constantine", [national] Aeolian Research , Elsevier B.V.

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2019-08-19

Mass concentrations, seasonal variations, chemical compositions and element sources of PM10 at an urban site in Constantine, northeast Algeria

This study presents for the first time, the results of a one-year measurement campaign on ambient PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) at an urban site at Zouaghi, in the south of Constantine, Algeria. The main objective of this work was to provide PM10 mass concentrations, a chemical characterization of atmospheric particles and their seasonal variation and to identify the sources of chemical elements in the PM10. To accomplish the goal, enrichment factors (EFs), inter-element correlations, elemental ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for the first time in Constantine. A total of 66 PM samples were collected during a sampling campaign which extended from January 2015 to February 2016. The PM10 samples were analyzed for a total of 48 elements by ICP-AES and ICP-MS for major elements and trace elements respectively. Enrichment factor analysis indicated that Pb, Sb, Cd, Bi, As, and Zn were mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of Cu/Sb, Ca/Al, Zn/Pb, La/Ce and V/Ni were calculated and compared to those being reported in previous studies. A significantly higher Ca/Al ratio was dominant indicating the influence of construction dust, while a low Zn/Pb ratio was the consequence of high Pb concentrations resulting from the use of leaded gasoline. Principal component analysis allowed to identify four main groups of sources: crustal aerosol for Al, Fe, Ti, Li, Mg, Ba, Sr and rare earth elements (REEs) (47%), soil and road resuspension for Cr, As, S, P, V, Ca, Zn, Sn, Nb, K, Mg, Ba, Sr and Li (27%), traffic emission for Pb and Be (8%), and a metallurgical source for Cd and W (6%). The results of the source apportionment analysis indicate that natural dust originating from Saharan dust outbreaks (SDOs) and resuspended dust are the main sources of elements in PM10 in Constantine.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, (2019-08-19), "Mass concentrations, seasonal variations, chemical compositions and element sources of PM10 at an urban site in Constantine, northeast Algeria", [national] Journal of Geochemical Exploration , Elsevier B.V.

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2017-10-17

Comparative study of bulk and partial digestion methods for airborne PM10-bound elements in a high mineral dust urban site in Constantine, Algeria

When high mineral loads in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are present, particular attention should be paid to the selection of appropriate acidic digestion protocols for wet chemical analysis. We report on a comparative study of elemental recovery yields from five different pre-analytical acid digestion procedures for mineral-rich urban background PM10 samples collected in the city of Constantine (Northeastern Algeria). Five reference materials (NIST 1633b, UPM 1648, NAT-7, SO-2 and SO-4) were also digested according to the same protocols. The selected acidic digestion/extraction procedures are widely used for PM chemical analysis and comprise P1 (HNO3/HF/HCl), P2 (HCl/HNO3), P3 (HCl/H2O2/HNO3), P4 (HNO3/HF/HClO4) and P5 (HNO3/H2O2); the latter assisted with microwave digestion. Elemental recovery yields were compared for major and trace elements typically determined in PM for source apportionment analysis and the results evidenced large differences. For most elements, the bulk extraction procedures
(requiring the use of HF) allowed a full elemental recovery, particularly for elements that are associated with aluminium silicate species and oxides that are resistant to mild acid attack. In contrast, in the extraction protocols without HF low recovery yields were obtained for elements such as Al, Ti, Zr, Sc and other aluminium silicate-related elements in PM10 samples with high mineral dust load. We highlight that the European standard digestion method EN-14902:2005 should be applied specifically for the metals for which this method was developed, but caution should be taken when the analysis of other elements in PM is required, especially in urban areas where road and vehicle wear dust is likely to be a major component of ambient PM. When using wet chemistry analysis for PM source apportionment studies, we strongly
recommend HF bulk dissolution of samples to ensure the reliability of the geochemical information when coupled with an appropriate analytical tool.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, (2017-10-17), "Comparative study of bulk and partial digestion methods for airborne PM10-bound elements in a high mineral dust urban site in Constantine, Algeria", [national] International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , Routledge Taylor & Francis group

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Comparative Study of Three Digestion Methods for Airborne PM10-bound Metallic Elements in an Urban Site

A comparative study of three different aerosol extraction processing techniques was carried out on ten quartz fiber PM10 sampling filters and a standard material (P1633b Fly Ash). Simultaneous sampling of PM10 was conducted at an urban background site in the town of Constantine. Three different mixtures of reagents were chosen in order to achieve the extraction procedure: mix 1 (HF / HClO4 / HNO3), mix 2 (HCl / HNO3), mix 3 (HCl / H2O2 / HNO3). A standard material (P1633b) was used to quantify and compare the extraction efficiencies of the three techniques. The solutions obtained after dust mineralization were analyzed by two analytical techniques. Pb, Cu, Co and Ni were analyzed by ICP-MS, while Zn and Mn were determined by ICP-AES. The first digestion technique proved to be the most efficient for all samples. The differences in extraction efficiencies between the three techniques varied from one sample to another according to the element analyzed.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Kemmouche Amina, Ali-Khodja Hocine, Querol Xavier, , (2017-10-17), "Comparative Study of Three Digestion Methods for Airborne PM10-bound Metallic Elements in an Urban Site", [national] Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering , Scienpress Ltd

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2015-11-25

Mesure des particules fines et des éléments métalliques en site trafic dans la ville de Constantine

Afin d’estimer la pollution particulaire dans l’air à Constantine, on a mesuré les PM10, les PM2.5 et certains éléments métalliques (Cd, Mg, Ca, Fe, Na), par le biais de deux préleveurs de poussières fines dénommés « Tactical Air Simplers » de marque Airmetrics avec un débit d’aspiration de 5 l/min. Ces préleveurs ont été installés à proximité d’un site trafic au niveau du campus universitaire Zouaghi Slimane en bordure de la RN 79 qui est traversée par une circulation dense.10 échantillons ont été prélevés une fois tous les deux jours pour une période qui s’est étalée du 18/01/2015 au 14/02/2015.Une station météorologique de type WMR928N a été installée sur la terrasse de l’établissement. Les résultats obtenus révèlent l’existence d’une pollution par les PM10 et PM2.5 avec des concentrations moyennes de l’ordre de 46.7 μg/m3 et 25.32 μg/m3 respectivement, valeurs supérieures aux valeurs guides recommandées par l’OMS.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Ali-Khodja Hocine, Bendjaallah Nouna, Meribai Asma, , (2015-11-25), "Mesure des particules fines et des éléments métalliques en site trafic dans la ville de Constantine", [international] 2ème conférence internationale de mécanique (ICM’15) , Constantine

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2015-06-03

Evolution temporelle des concentrations des particules fines et des éléments métalliques sur un site de proximité « trafic » à Constantine

Cette étude a été réalisée au niveau du campus universitaire « Zouaghi Slimane » qui représente un site de proximité directement exposé à un trafic routier dense au niveau du rond-point de Zouaghi « en face de la station de tramway » reliant la sortie sud de Constantine à la ville de Batna par la RN79.
Cette étude nous a permis d’évaluer les niveaux de PM10 et PM2.5 et des éléments métalliques au niveau de ce site, en réalisant une campagne de mesure d’un mois qui s'étend du 10/03/2014 au 06/04/2014. Les prélèvements simultanés de PM10 et PM2.5 sont effectués tous les trois jours à l'aide de deux échantillonneurs à faible débit d’aspiration (5 l/min) de marque Airmetrics, modèle "Tactical Air Simpler". La durée de prélèvement est de 24 heures.
Les teneurs moyennes enregistrées sont de 115 µg/m3 et de 66.95 µg/m3 pour les PM10 (particules inhalables) et les PM2.5 (particules respirables) respectivement. Elles sont excessives au vu des valeurs journalières recommandées par l'OMS (50 µg/m3 et 25 µg/m3). Les particules respirables PM2.5 constituent en masse 47% des PM10 indiquant une répartition à peu près semblable entre les particules d'origine anthropique et celles d'origine terrigène. Les teneurs des éléments métalliques (Fe et Zn) atteignent des niveaux relativement élevés.
La pollution par le trafic routier englobe en plus des particules émises directement par les pots d’échappement, d’autres particules issues de l’usure des routes, des pneus (un pneu perd environ 10% de son poids au cours de sa durée de vie), des plaquettes de frein et du moteur comme le fer et le zinc,
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Ali-Khodja Hocine, , (2015-06-03), "Evolution temporelle des concentrations des particules fines et des éléments métalliques sur un site de proximité « trafic » à Constantine", [international] 2éme conférence internationale sur l'environnement et le développement durable (CIEDDII) , Batna

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2014-12-15

Mesure des pm10 et de leurs teneurs métalliques dans la ville de Constantine

La pollution particulaire et plus exactement par les PM10 et par certains éléments métalliques a été étudiée pour la première fois à Constantine dans un site de proximité type station trafic. Ce site se situe sur la terrasse de l’établissement de proximité de santé publique Mentouri Bachir. Un nombre total de 71 échantillons ont été prélevés une fois tous les deux jours du 25/05/2010 au 19/10/2010 à l’aide d’un préleveur de poussières fines dénommé « Tactical Air Simpler » de marque Airmetrics avec un débit d’aspiration de 5 l/min. L’appareil se trouve à une hauteur de 6 mètres au-dessus du sol et à une distance de 8 mètres de la chaussée. Une station météorologique de type WMR928N est installée sur la terrasse de l’établissement afin de nous fournir les données météorologiques horaires enregistrées. Les résultats obtenus lors de cette campagne de mesures révèlent l’existence d’une pollution par les PM10 et certains éléments métalliques (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd). Les corrélations entre les résultats obtenus et la direction du vent permettent d’identifier les secteurs du vent contribuant le plus à la pollution, ce qui nous a permis d’identifier l’origine de cette pollution qui est essentiellement liée au trafic routier.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Ali-Khodja Hocine, , (2014-12-15), "Mesure des pm10 et de leurs teneurs métalliques dans la ville de Constantine", [international] 2ème conférence internationale sur l'Energétique Appliquée et la Pollution "CIEAP'14" , Constantine

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2014-11-14

Roadside PM10 and associated metals in Constantine, Algeria

Samples of particulate matter less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10) were collected every other day using an Airmetrics MiniVol portable air sampler in Constantine, the third largest and most densely populated city of Algeria with a population of 600,000. The main objective of this study was to
assess the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), and dust-laden trace metals in a residential area with heavy traffic during two months, from 25 March 2010 to 24 May 2010. Furthermore, the present work examines the daily levels of
metallic elements Fe, Zn and Cu. The PM10 concentrations ranged from 7.6 to 159.4 μg/m3 during the study period. WHO’s daily PM10 average guide value of 50 μg/m3 was exceeded 10 times over 31 samples. HYSPLIT back trajectories were used to identify the source locations of the pollutants. Rain scavenging of atmospheric particulate matter led to a substantial decrease in PM10 concentrations. During the study period, Zn was detected in one sample at a concentration of 0.78 μg/m3. It is believed that air masses originating from Iceland’s Eyjafjöll volcano may have transported clouds of ashes rich in Zn to the sampling site on that occasion. A maximum of 2.92 μg/m3 of Cu was observed when the volcanic cloud reached the sampling site four times during the corresponding 24-h sampling period.
Citation

M. BENCHARIF-MADANI Fairouz, Terrouche Ahmed, Ali-Khodja Hocine, Talbi Mounir, Charron Aurèlie, Derradji Ahmed, , (2014-11-14), "Roadside PM10 and associated metals in Constantine, Algeria", [national] International Journal of Environmental Studies , Routledge Taylor & Francis group

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