M. DECHAICHA Assoule

Guelma, located in central northeast Algeria, is known for its semi-arid climate, which directly affects the use of its public gardens, as well as the presence of basic urban furniture. How does urban furniture contribute to the qualification of a public garden based on its users’ vision? The purpose of this article is to highlight the necessity of promoting urban furniture as a sustainable social, economic, and environmental lever to improve the city's public gardens. The methodological approach used in this study focused on the following evaluation phases: spatial, climatological, energetic, and sociological, using, in order, photo-interpretation and photography, in-situ climate measurements, energetic data from the assembly of the commune of Guelma, and a sociological survey, we depended on direct observation throughout all phases of this investigation. The findings show that urban furniture faces social, environmental, and economic challenges, making it an important and essential element that affects the use of a garden. In the process of developing the quality of public gardens use, the recommendations emphasize the importance of this research, presenting proposals to improve the design of urban furniture, towards the creation of contemporary sustainable public gardens in the city of Guelma. This is an important step towards designing sustainable and smart public spaces to promote sustainable urban development.
Keywords: Urban Furniture, Assessment, Public Garden, Sustainable Design, Guelma, Algeria.

Alors que l'urbanisation continue de remodeler les paysages mondiaux, les préoccupations concernant la dégradation de l'environnement et l'épuisement des ressources naturelles se sont intensifiées. En réponse, les agendas internationaux mettent l'accent sur la gestion de l'étalement urbain pour créer des villes inclusives, résilientes et durables. Cette étude explore ainsi le lien entre l'urbanisation et les technologies avancées en adoptant une approche méthodologique basée sur une analyse bibliométrique, à partir de la base de données Dimensions, des recherches sur l'étalement urbain et les changements de l'occupation des sols (LULC) de 1994 jusqu’aujourd'hui. Une revue systématique est également effectuée pour synthétiser la littérature existante sur les méthodes intégrant les technologies GeoAI et les analyses LULC dans le suivi des paysages. Ce cadre optimise la planification urbaine et renforce la modélisation prédictive pour surveiller les changements environnementaux, favorisant ainsi une prise de décision intelligente et une croissance inclusive. Il permet aussi la création de politiques ciblées abordant les disparités socio-économiques, la durabilité environnementale et l'amélioration des infrastructures. En améliorant la compréhension des concepts scientifiques, ce cadre vise à combler le fossé entre les études urbaines et la télédétection via Machine Learning and AI.
Mot clés : Urbanisation, Étalement urbain, GeoAI, Durabilité environnementale, Planification urbaine.

Global warming is currently one of the major challenges facing urban planners. Uncontrolled urbanisation is considered to be the main factor aggravating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. The consequences are becoming clearer by the day, leading to an increase in health and climatic risks. Algerian cities have not escaped its consequences, particularly climatic risks. Our study consists of highlighting the phenomenon of the urban heat island characterising the city of Guelma in eastern Algeria, through the monitoring and analysis of thermal canopies recorded from 2013 onwards. The methodology consists, on the one hand, of mapping the urban heat island during daytime and nighttime periods, and, on the other hand, of analysing changes in Land Surface Temperature LST, NDVI, and NDBI indicators. Two types of satellite imagery were used: an ASTER image detecting nocturne summer heat stress, and a series of LANDSAT images used to measure the spatiotemporal evolution of terrestrial temperatures recorded over the period 2013 - 2023. The results of the Aster image processing showed that urban temperatures are the highest compared with surrounding areas. Diachronic mapping from Landsat images showed an increase in land temperatures in built-up and developed areas. The correlation between LST temperatures and the NDVI vegetation and NDBI building indicators revealed a strong correlation between LST and NDBI, and a negative correlation between LST and NDVI. This study highlighted the extent of the urban heat island phenomenon in the city of Guelma, as well as the importance of vegetation in improving microclimatic conditions within the urban fabric.
Keywords: Global warming, Uncontrolled urbanisation, Urban heat island UHI, Spatial remote sensing, Thermal stress, Guelma City.

Driven by rapid population growth, urbanization, and the urgency to mitigate climate change, energy efficiency has become a critical roadmap for reducing building energy consumption. This stems from the building sector, considered the most energy-consuming sector, making it a
prime target for sustainability efforts. To this end, this paper presents a systematic review of Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) approaches, a powerful tool for understanding building performance and energy use, paving the way for more sustainable urban design. The primary objective is to provide a detailed overview of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the approaches, methods, and tools used for building energy modeling at the urban scale. By critically analyzing the published research, this research paper aims to develop a framework outlining strategies for creating energy-efficient urban environments. To achieve this, the paper explores different UBEM methods and investigates the interaction between buildings and their surrounding environment. This analysis of building behavior towards outdoor factors, such as solar radiation and local wind patterns, will inform strategies to optimize energy use and demand. By providing a comprehensive understanding of UBEM and its role in sustainable design, this paper aims to empower stakeholders in creating energyefficient cities for the future.
Keywords: Energy performance, environmental optimization, Urban Building Energy Modeling, parametric urbanism.

Les espaces publics ont une place importante dans l’attractivité, l’animation, la sécurité, la beauté de paysage urbain, et la dynamique urbaine, ils constituent un espace de vie pour la société. Dans ces espaces. L’affichage urbain sert de canal de communication privilégié, il a un rôle pivot dans la communication visuelle urbaine, la lisibilité, et le renforcement de l’accessibilité en milieu urbain. De cette importance, il y règne un design urbain smart. L'objectif du cette recherche est d’évaluer le rôle, les défis des outils d’affichage urbain dans la conception de l’espace public. La méthode adoptée pour cette étude est basée sur l’évaluation des défis du design des outils d’affichage urbain dans les villes smart, En outre l’évaluation des panneaux et des outils d’affichage urbain dans l’espace extérieure urbain de la ville de Guelma notre cas d’étude. Les résultats obtenus soulignent le rôle central de l’affichage urbain dans la promotion d'initiatives de développement urbain basées sur des stratégies durables et le concept de smart design. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une perspective d’optimiser la qualité d’usage de l’espace public à Guelma par un design numérique.
Key words:: ville smart, numérisation, espace public, affichage urbain, optimisation, Guelma-Algérie).

Climate-aware urban environments pose a significant imperative to obtain thermally comfortable outdoor areas. The present study addresses the optimization of urban block morphology in Guelma City, Algeria, to enhance thermal performance in a semi-arid climate. Using in-situ measurements and simulation generated by the ENVI-met simple forcing scheme, the impact f urban morphology on the variation of outdoor comfort factors, including air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed arameters, is identified. The conducted investigation illustrates building configuration, orientation, and street canyon geometry as key indices affecting thermal comfort. Results pointed out urban green cover’s role in mitigating heat island effects. In conclusion, the study underscored the significance of an interconnected analysis of urban patterns and heir correlated influence on urban microclimate for achieving thermally comfortable outdoor environments.
Key words: ENVI-met simulation, thermal perception, urban heat stress, urban spatial, configuration

In cities, land use changes caused by various human activities can affect how natural ecosystems function. In this context, it is increasingly important for cities to consider the role of vegetation in preserving a sustainable environment. A diachronic analysis of landscape changes was applied to assess the presence and distribution of vegetation to determine whether it was evolving or regressing. This phenomenon was studied within the current administrative boundaries of the city of Guelma (Algeria). For this purpose, as an approach based on landscape metrics, several Landsat TM and ETM+ remote sensing satellite images were used throughout the period 1987-2019. A set of landscape indices, including NP, AREA_MN, LPI, PLAND, AI and LSI, were calculated to map land cover, the mechanism of land cover and vegetation change, and their impact on the urban ecosystem. The geo-statistical procedure was carried out using a geographic information system Qgis combined by statistical software using Fragstats to calculate various landscape metrics at class level for the analysis of fragmentation . The results of the landscape metric analysis show that the decrease in average area and the increase in the number of green patches are important indicators of land degradation, meaning that the mechanism of landscape degradation and transformation is progressive. This underlines the need to give particular attention to land use and land cover in the region to ensure the sustainable allocation of natural resources.
Keywords: Vegetation, Urban Landscape, Urban Fabric, Landscape Metrics, Guelma.

The trend of housing quality has become more intricate and has ex-panded to encompass all aspects of habitat. There are several significant challenges related to improving housing, both socially and in terms of eco-nomic and environmental considerations. Discussing the quality of new production methods requires an analysis based on various traditional cri-teria, using convenient indicators such as cleanliness, stability, safety, com-fort, durability, flexibility, and aesthetic appeal.
The principal aim of this study is to provide an objective assessment of the quality of Participative Subsidized Housing (LPA) in the municipality of EL-Khroube in Algeria. The methodology employed integrates a field survey and a resident questionnaire to appraise the comfort level offered by this housing type as well as the level of resident satisfaction. The results of the on-site observation indicated that the living environment does not offer an adequate level of comfort. This finding was corroborated by the questionnaire results, which revealed a prevailing sentiment of dissatisfac-tion among residents. This dissatisfaction can be attributed to issues per-taining to interior comfort and a dearth of local infrastructure and facili-ties. The results of this study will assist housing stakeholders in enhancing this mode of production through a collaborative and participatory ap-proach.
Keywords: Housing quality, Assisted participatory housing, Evaluation of quality, New production mode, El-Khroub municipality.

As urbanization continues to shape the world's landscape, concerns have intensified over environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources. Accordingly, international agendas emphasize managing urban sprawl for inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities. On this basis, this study consists of exploring the nexus of urbanization and advanced technologies following a methodological approach based on a bibliometric analysis using the Dimensions Database to analyse research related to urban sprawl and LULC Changes from 1994 to the recent years; and a systematic review to synthesize existing literature on different methodologies integrating GeoAI technologies and LULC Analytics in the process of monitoring landscape, which optimizes Urban Planning and empowers predictive modelling to monitor environmental changes, therefore, promoting intelligent decision-making and inclusive growth via enabling the creation of targeted policies that address socio-economic disparities, environmental sustainability and infrastructure enhancement. By improving comprehension of scientific concepts, this article aims to fill the knowledge gap between urban studies and remote sensing using machine learning.
Keywords: Urbanization, Urban Planning, GeoAI Technologies, LULC Analytics, Sustainable Cities.

Global climate variability and expanding urban landscapes have notable implications for shaping citizens experiences and their overall well-being. Despite the imperative for a profound comprehension of climate change's detrimental effects, approaches that assess young generation exposure and vulnerability to shifting weather patterns have been neglected. To address this critical gap, the study’s main objective is to emphasize children's vulnerability to climate change. This aim stems from their sensibilities and susceptibilities to environmental hazards. Young adults are more susceptible to heat stress, adverse health outcomes namely respiratory illnesses from air pollution, and more, all exacerbated by climate change and urbanization. In addition, this paper aims to highlight the impact of urban factors on childhood comfort. Particularly climate heat waves that amplify urban discomfort, especially for children who spend more time in outdoor environments. Moreover, approaches and initiative actions towards children’s climate risks were analyzed in order to promote ‘In-Mind-Children’ communities, which advantage their young residents.
To fulfill the scoping of the study, the methodological framework is built on a state-of-the-art review. The conceptual framework review summarizes the pathways between severe outdoor changes, environmental balance, alongside with citizen’s health. To this end, a wide range of studies addressing the topic were selected based on predetermined parameters, including key words such as “child”, “climate change”, “climate adaptation” and “outdoor comfort”. The research topics were clustered from the Web of Science (WoS), one of the most important scientific literature databases. Chronological analyses and relative topics were carried out using the application VOSviewer. By using a diverse range of novel research, strategies that incorporates a child-in-mind approach in planning urban areas were determined. These strategies assure effective adaptation and mitigation methods for reducing the negative impacts of environmental change on youth health. Additionally, actions to empower youth-led and promote climate education were explored to verify the validity of policy efforts and extract lacking dimensions in concern with children’s access to outdoor spaces.
Results illustrate that climate change outcomes on children’s health and their social development are a critical field of inquiry that needs to be averted. The study reveals that current urban design practices often exacerbate child exposure to weather events while limiting their access to outdoor opportunities. Furthermore, the research shows a significant contribution of policies that promote sustainable urban development, such as investments in green infrastructure, public transportation, and resilient buildings, in order to create healthier environments for minors to thrive. For instance, studies have shown that heat stress can be reduced by green areas, while accessible parks and playgrounds can foster social interaction and development.
In conclusion, prioritizing outdoor comfort for future generations will guarantee a climate-aware urban environment and child-friendly planning, which leads to equitable thriving communities, a high-harmonized environment, as well as sustainable cities. Therefore, encouraging safe and accessible spaces, investing in adaptation to climate challenges, and raising awareness are crucial first actions in demand. By incorporating these actions, all children can guarantee a healthier, happier, and more sustainable future.
Keywords: urban health, climate adaptation, child vulnerability, climate change.

As urbanization continues to shape the world's landscape, concerns have intensified over environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources. Accordingly, international agendas emphasize managing urban sprawl for inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities. On this basis, this study consists of exploring the nexus of urbanization and advanced technologies following a methodological approach based on a bibliometric analysis using the Dimensions Database to analyse research related to urban sprawl and LULC Changes from 1994 to the recent years; and a systematic review to synthesize existing literature on different methodologies integrating GeoAI technologies and LULC Analytics in the process of monitoring landscape, which optimizes Urban Planning and empowers predictive modelling to monitor environmental changes, therefore, promoting intelligent decision-making and inclusive growth via enabling the creation of targeted policies that address socio-economic disparities, environmental sustainability and infrastructure enhancement. By improving comprehension of scientific concepts, this article aims to fill the knowledge gap between urban studies and remote sensing using machine learning.

Climate-adaptive urbanism has emerged as a primary emphasis due to the unprecedented pace of climate change notable impact on energy consumption and environmental quality. Cities are at the forefront of climate change challenges. It is thus imperative to prioritize climate-friendly urban designs to mitigate outdoor climate impacts. The study’s major aim is to highlight the importance of harmonizing urban planning with climate variations. This aim stems from global climate variability and expanding urban landscapes implications for shaping the urban areas. In addition, the study seeks to prioritize environmental sustainability by addressing strategies and approaches that can significantly enhance the outdoor environment as well as public health. To this end, the methodological framework of the study is based on a state-of-the-art review. The theoretical review summarizes the pathways between urbanism and climate features. The primary focus is identifying studies addressing the topic based on key words such as “climate change”, “urban planning”, “environment quality” and “outdoor comfort.” Moreover, papers covering pressing urban issues related to sustainability were selected. The research topics were clustered from the Web of Science (WoS) database using VOSviewer. Strategies that advocate urban climate resilience and climate mitigation were determined. Furthermore, contrasting viewpoints and limitations in existing research are discussed. Results from state-of-the art research illustrate that weather event outcomes on urban design are a critical domain of interest. The study reveals that current urban disturbance is exacerbated by extreme climate events that are often followed by severe effects. Furthermore, the research shows a significant contribution of policies that promote sustainable urban development, such as investments in green infrastructure, resilient buildings, energy efficiency, and water conservation. In conclusion, understanding the urban climate challenge and implementing urban climate resilience strategies have the potential to guarantee a climate-aware urban environment, which leads to equitable communities, a high-harmonized environment, and sustainable cities. Therefore, interactions between strategies and actions are required.
Keywords: climate change, environment quality, urban planning, outdoor comfort.

Depuis des décennies, le Climat conditionne la conception des villes, car il influe sur la vie des êtres humains avec toutes ses dimensions. A l’heure de réchauffement climatique, la ville, en particulier l’espace extérieure est affecté par de nombreux maux urbains parmi eux l’ilot de chaleur urbain ce qui provoque une vulnérabilité urbaine, et affecte l’environnement urbain, la vie sociale, la santé urbaine et le confort des usagers en milieu urbain. L’espace extérieure est un lieu urbain pour vivre, marcher, s’assoir, il représente un levier important en matière de mixité sociale, de bien être, de développement économique et de préservation de l’environnement Face à cette projection, la conception urbaine doit s’appuyer sur des approches et des outils constructifs durables qui permettent de concevoir des environnements urbains confortables, résilients, sains qui peuvent contribuer à lutter contre le réchauffement climatique. La démarche méthodologique mise en oeuvre dans ce travail est basée sur l’analyse et l’évaluation de la revue de littérature, des documents scientifiques nationaux et internationaux, en outre une évaluation des études de cas des villes smart durables qui se sont appuyées sur des stratégies et des solutions durables de conception urbaine pour lutter contre le réchauffement climatique. L’objectif de notre recherche est de présenter les stratégies et les approches de conception urbaine durable des villes face au réchauffement climatique, et au différents défis urbains, afin d’améliorer la vie urbaine, de concevoir des espaces urbains durables et de sociabilité, et pour adapter l’environnement urbain aux besoins des usagers de la ville. Les résultats de cette recherche indiquent que le design urbain durable qui défend l’intégration des solutions fondés sur la nature et des solutions environnementaux, économique constitue un outil durable et une stratégie prometteuse dans la conception des villes face au réchauffement climatique, et un pas vers une ville confortable, durable et accueillante.
Mots-clé : Réchauffement climatique, design urbain, stratégies durables, durabilité, ville smart.

To evaluate the potential of retrofitting roofs of residential buildings in Algeria with building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). A case study of a family residential building in the city of Guelma, was selected to receive building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems as a retrofit to their roofs using Rhinoceros software and plugins Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Honeybee, adding photovoltaic panels on the roof taking into account the study of solar radiation analysis on the building, and meteorological data from Meteonorm Software 7.3. The method used, is based on measured data for final energy consumption (yearly average of 14600 kWh), building morphology, and photovoltaic module parameters. The results of the renovation of roofs with building-integrated photovoltaic solutions are presented for the existing residential building, it is also shown that a small photovoltaic area on the roofs can meet the demand of the buildings. The results identify the aspects that need to be improved in the development of future design tools and highlight the importance of integrating parametric design software and simulation tools for BIPV systems at the preliminary design stage, to ensure good building performance, both in terms of comfort and energy performance.

In response to the pressing need to mitigate climate change impacts on residential buildings, this paper investigates the imperative task of enhancing thermal comfort. This study takes a close look at social housing in Guelma, Algeria, using a case study framework, and explores how climate change impacts it through the application of sensitivity analysis and a parametric approach. It investigates how climate scenarios, insulation, and window features influence thermal comfort, using tools like Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Honeybee, along with Excel's Two-Variable Data Table. The research highlights the effect of rising temperatures due to climate change projections for the 2050s and 2080s on thermal comfort. It underscores the essential roles of insulation and windows in achieving comfort. Improved insulation and specialized glazing create stable indoor environments, reducing occupant discomfort. This research has broad implications for guiding eco-friendly and comfortable indoor space design and emphasizes the responsibilities of architects, designers, and policymakers in promoting sustainable and climate-resilient building practices. Guelma, Algeria's social housing serves as a real-world example illustrating the challenges posed by changing climate conditions.
Keywords: Climate Change, Social Housing, Thermal Comfort, Sensitivity Analysis, Parametric Approach.

Due to global climate change, reducing carbon emissions has become a crucial issue. Since the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, global attention to countermeasures against global warming has intensified, given that climate change poses major threats to human societies, and is fundamentally linked to energy consumption as well as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Construction is one of the most energy intensive activities in urban areas and is responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Given its enormous environmental impact, changes need to be made towards a low carbon strategy based on the use of renewable energy such as solar power. In this respect, the main objective of this study was to evaluate, analyze, and propose a scenario for a low carbon building.
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a room located in a tourist complex in Guelma (Algeria) was carried out over 80 years during its four life cycle phases (construction, operation, demolition, and end of life) using Pleiades software. Its Equer tool was used to evaluate the 12 environmental indicators.
The results show that the addition of the photovoltaic panels has led to a 21.05% improvement in environmental performance over the entire life cycle of the room, and contributes to reducing the weight of its use phase by up to 24.05% via reducing all emissions emitted. All 12 environmental indicators showed significant reductions following the integration of this sustainable solution. It was concluded that photovoltaic panels are an important means of steering buildings towards a low carbon future.
Keywords: Energy consumption; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; environmental impact; low
carbon strategy; renewable energy; Life Cycle Assessment; photovoltaic panels.

Following the Paris Agreement in 2015, global attention to global warming countermeasures has intensified, as climate change is a major threat to human societies, fundamentally linked to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Given the huge impact of buildings on energy consumption, changes must take place towards a sustainable energy transition by using renewable energies such as solar energy in order to push buildings to near zero energy consumption. In this context, our work consists of clarifying the nearly zero energy building (NZEB) concept and of reviewing research articles focusing on the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in an efficient way, based on solar energy.
Keywords: Energy Consumption; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Impact of Buildings; Renewable Energies; Solar Energy; Nearly Zero Energy Building.

L’urbanisation incontrôlée est actuellement considérée comme l’un des défis majeurs que rencontrent les villes algériennes, compte tenu des effets néfastes sur l’environnement et des problèmes engendrés par cette modalité de croissance spatiale. Les espaces agricoles et naturels se trouvent en péril face à l’avancée excessive des surfaces bâties. La mise en œuvre d’un développement urbain durable nécessite une connaissance effective de l’état d’occupation et d’utilisation du sol. Avec les procédures technico-administratives actuelles de planification urbaine, les responsables locaux ne disposent pas d’outils efficaces permettant l’actualisation permanente des données spatiales qui rendraient possible une meilleure gestion de l’étalement rapide des zones urbanisées. Un suivi régulier de l’évolution des extensions urbaines nécessite le recours aux outils techniques et méthodologiques offerts par la télédétection spatiale et les systèmes d’information géographique (SIG). La présente étude consiste à mettre en évidence le processus de croissance spatial caractérisant la ville de Bou-Saâda (Algérie) au cours de la période 1984 – 2020. La méthodologie suivie est basée sur l’analyse multitemporelle des images satellitaires Landsat et l’application de la détection du changement d’utilisation et d’occupation du sol pour la cartographie et la quantification des différentes formes d’urbanisation. Les résultats de la comparaison post-classification des images satellitaires des années 1984, 1996, 2008 et 2020 ont révélé deux tendances spatiotemporelles nettement opposées : un important étalement spatial des surfaces bâties, contre une perte progressive de la palmeraie. Pendant la même période, la tache urbaine a enregistré un gain de surface estimé à plus de 470 ha, tandis que la palmeraie a perdu près de 47 ha. La lecture diachronique des cartes obtenues a permis de distinguer trois formes de croissance spatiale : des extensions en continu avec le tissu existant caractérisent la première période (1984 – 1996) ; un passage du mode continu vers un mode éclaté, après apparition de la nouvelle ville et des quartiers périphériques spontanés s’est manifesté au cours de la seconde période (1996 – 2008) ; un mode de densification des nouvelles zones urbaines domine la dernière période (2008 – 2020). La cartographie du changement d’occupation et d’utilisation du sol a permis l’identification des surfaces agricoles converties en surfaces bâties, et la mise en valeur de l’impact négatif de l’urbanisation incontrôlée sur la palmeraie. La quantification de ces transformations spatiales a montré que près de 40 % de la palmeraie est convertie, soit en surfaces bâties, soit en sols nus. Le suivi de l’évolution des classes d’occupation du sol a également révélé une variation de rythmes d’évolution spatiale. Ces rythmes étaient plus accélérés pendant la dernière période (2008 – 2020), aussi bien pour les surfaces urbanisées, dans un sens croissant, que pour la palmeraie, dans un sens décroissant. Cette étude montre ainsi l’importance de la télédétection spatiale et des SIG comme moyens efficaces permettant le suivi et la compréhension de la croissance des villes et des transformations spatiales accompagnantes.

Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.

L’étalement urbain constitue un des problèmes majeurs que connaissant les oasis du Bas-Sahara algérien. Le suivi et la compréhension de son évolution spatiale demeurent une étape essentielle dans toute démarche de développement soutenable de la ville oasienne. Les autorités locales ne disposent pas d’outils appropriés, susceptibles d’être mis à jour régulièrement, pour leur permettre d’agir efficacement en matière de planification et d’aménagement spatial. La télédétection spatiale et les Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) offrent des opportunités permettant de surmonter ces difficultés. La présente étude consiste en l’application d’une technique de détection du changement pour cartographier et quantifier l’étalement spatiotemporel de la ville de Biskra (Algérie) durant la période 1985 - 2000, en utilisant des images Landsat des années 1985, 2000 et 2015. La comparaison post-classification des cartes d’occupation du sol a révélé une croissance des surfaces bâties, allant jusqu’au-delà des limites communales en conurbation avec l’agglomération de Chetma, au détriment d’un recul progressif de la palmeraie. Cette dernière a subi un processus de morcellement et de mitage par le bâti, conduisant à la perte de l’identité oasienne de la ville. L’objectif de la présente étude est de mettre en évidence le processus de l’étalement urbain et les modifications d’occupation du sol qu’il engendre. Elle montre l’importance des méthodes de détection du changement pour la compréhension des formes d’urbanisation et l’évaluation de leurs impacts sur les écosystèmes oasiens.